Full Transcript Introduction 0:01 Hello, this is Marie. Are 0:01 Hello, this is Marie. Are you ready to learn 0:02 you ready to learn 0:02 you ready to learn what you can do 0:03 what you can do 0:03 what you can do now to prevent 0:04 now to prevent 0:04 now to prevent Alzheimer's 0:06 Alzheimer's 0:06 Alzheimer's and other 0:06 and other 0:06 and other brain diseases, 0:07 brain diseases, 0:07 brain diseases, and how to maintain 0:08 and how to maintain 0:08 and how to maintain brain health as you 0:09 brain health as you 0:09 brain health as you age? If so, then you are 0:11 age? If so, then you are 0:11 age? If so, then you are in the right place. 0:12 in the right place. 0:12 in the right place. Our 0:13 Our 0:13 Our special guest today is 0:14 special guest today is Dr. David 0:15 Dr. David 0:15 Dr. David Perlmutter, a board 0:16 Perlmutter, a board 0:16 Perlmutter, a board -certified 0:17 -certified 0:17 -certified neurologist, leading 0:18 neurologist, leading 0:20 brain health expert, and 0:20 brain health expert, and best-selling author. His 0:22 best-selling author. His 0:22 best-selling author. His new book, 0:23 new book, Brain Defenders, 0:24 Brain Defenders, 0:24 Brain Defenders, offers a powerful 0:25 offers a powerful 0:25 offers a powerful shift in our 0:26 shift in our 0:26 shift in our understanding of what 0:27 understanding of what 0:27 understanding of what actually drives 0:28 actually drives 0:28 actually drives brain changes. In this 0:30 brain changes. In this 0:30 brain changes. In this conversation, we'll 0:31 conversation, we'll 0:31 conversation, we'll discuss what may be 0:32 discuss what may be 0:32 discuss what may be happening long 0:33 happening long 0:33 happening long before symptoms appear, 0:34 before symptoms appear, 0:34 before symptoms appear, why a proactive 0:35 why a proactive 0:35 why a proactive approach is so 0:36 approach is so 0:36 approach is so important, and 0:37 important, and 0:37 important, and simple and meaningful 0:38 simple and meaningful 0:38 simple and meaningful steps you can 0:39 steps you can 0:39 steps you can start taking 0:40 start taking 0:40 start taking today to 0:41 today to 0:41 today to support your 0:42 support your 0:42 support your brain. This is an episode that is 0:44 brain. This is an episode that is 0:44 brain. This is an episode that is truly not to be 0:45 truly not to be 0:45 truly not to be missed. It can 0:47 missed. It can 0:47 missed. It can change your life. 0:48 change your life. 0:48 change your life. So stay with 0:49 So stay with 0:50 So stay with us. Welcome 0:54 us. Welcome , Dr. Perlmutter. 0:55 , Dr. Perlmutter. 0:56 , Dr. Perlmutter. I'm so happy to see 0:57 I'm so happy to see 0:57 I'm so happy to see you on the podcast. Before 0:59 you on the podcast. Before 0:59 you on the podcast. Before we dive into the 1:01 we dive into the 1:01 we dive into the topic, I want to say that 1:02 topic, I want to say that 1:02 topic, I want to say that I really 1:03 I really 1:03 I really enjoyed your 1:04 enjoyed your 1:04 enjoyed your new book, " 1:04 new book, " Brain Defenders," which is 1:06 Brain Defenders," which is 1:06 Brain Defenders," which is coming out today 1:07 coming out today 1:07 coming out today , and it's so 1:08 , and it's so 1:08 , and it's so exciting. But what 1:11 exciting. But what 1:11 exciting. But what really struck me was how 1:12 really struck me was how 1:12 really struck me was how you 1:13 you 1:13 you take something that 1:14 take something that 1:14 take something that so many 1:15 so many 1:15 so many people fear—memory loss 1:17 people fear—memory loss , the development of dementia—and 1:18 , the development of dementia—and 1:18 , the development of dementia—and turn it 1:19 turn it 1:19 turn it into something inspiring. And 1:22 into something inspiring. And 1:22 into something inspiring. And for me, you know, I 1:24 for me, you know, I 1:24 for me, you know, I truly believe in that. We 1:25 truly believe in that. We 1:25 truly believe in that. We take fear and 1:25 take fear and 1:25 take fear and turn it into 1:27 turn it into 1:27 turn it into 1:28 empowerment. You 1:28 empowerment. You have shown that we 1:29 have shown that we 1:29 have shown that we can do a 1:30 can do a 1:30 can do a lot to protect 1:31 lot to protect 1:31 lot to protect our brains, 1:32 our brains, 1:32 our brains, regardless of age. I 1:33 regardless of age. I 1:33 regardless of age. I can't wait to 1:34 can't wait to 1:34 can't wait to share all of 1:35 share all of 1:35 share all of this with everyone who's 1:36 this with everyone who's 1:37 this with everyone who's listening, because I 1:38 listening, because I 1:38 listening, because I really... 1:38 really... 1:38 really... Well, Margie, you 1:39 Well, Margie, you 1:39 Well, Margie, you hit the nail on the head right away 1:40 hit the nail on the head right away 1:41 hit the nail on the head right away , and I want to 1:42 , and I want to 1:42 , and I want to comment on this: we 1:43 comment on this: we 1:43 comment on this: we live in a society 1:44 live in a society 1:44 live in a society that is disempowering us to some extent 1:46 that is disempowering us to some extent 1:46 that is disempowering us to some extent . We live by 1:49 . We live by 1:49 . We live by the idea of "live your life the way you 1:50 the idea of "live your life the way you 1:50 the idea of "live your life the way you want," and when you 1:52 want," and when you 1:52 want," and when you have a problem, whether 1:53 have a problem, whether 1:53 have a problem, whether it's cognitive 1:54 it's cognitive 1:54 it's cognitive impairment, 1:55 impairment, 1:55 impairment, osteopenia, or 1:55 osteopenia, or 1:55 osteopenia, or osteoporosis—it 1:56 osteoporosis—it doesn't matter what it is— 1:58 doesn't matter what it is— modern medicine is here to 1:59 modern medicine is here to 1:59 modern medicine is here to fix it. And I 2:03 fix it. And I 2:03 fix it. And I think the most 2:04 think the most 2:04 think the most fundamentally 2:05 fundamentally 2:05 fundamentally important lesson 2:06 important lesson 2:06 important lesson or message of this book 2:08 or message of this book is the sense of power and 2:09 is the sense of power and 2:09 is the sense of power and understanding that 2:10 understanding that 2:10 understanding that each of us is the 2:11 each of us is the 2:11 each of us is the architect of 2:12 architect of 2:12 architect of our own brain's destiny. And the idea that 2:16 our own brain's destiny. And the idea that 2:16 our own brain's destiny. And the idea that you can 2:17 you can 2:17 you can just hope 2:18 just hope 2:18 just hope for the best, and when everything 2:19 for the best, and when everything 2:19 for the best, and when everything starts to fall apart, 2:20 starts to fall apart, 2:20 starts to fall apart, there will be a cure...it 2:22 there will be a cure...it 2:22 there will be a cure...it doesn't work. Perhaps 2:24 doesn't work. Perhaps 2:24 doesn't work. Perhaps one day a cure will appear 2:25 one day a cure will appear 2:25 one day a cure will appear , and we will definitely 2:27 , and we will definitely 2:27 , and we will definitely talk about it, 2:28 talk about it, 2:28 talk about it, but for now we must 2:29 but for now we must 2:29 but for now we must increase our own 2:30 increase our own 2:30 increase our own efforts. And that's what 2:32 efforts. And that's what 2:32 efforts. And that's what this book is about—giving 2:33 this book is about—giving 2:33 this book is about—giving you the tools to 2:34 you the tools to 2:34 you the tools to protect your brain. 2:35 protect your brain. 2:38 And I want to emphasize that 2:38 And I want to emphasize that these changes 2:40 these changes 2:40 these changes should begin at the 2:41 should begin at the 2:41 should begin at the age of 30-40, because that's when 2:42 age of 30-40, because that's when 2:45 metabolic changes occur in the body, 2:45 metabolic changes occur in the body, which, as if the brain were not 2:47 which, as if the brain were not 2:47 which, as if the brain were not part of the body, 2:48 part of the body, 2:48 part of the body, actually determine 2:49 actually determine 2:49 actually determine its fate. 2:50 its fate. 2:53 Yes. You know, 2:53 Yes. You know, nobody in their 30s or 40s 2:54 nobody in their 30s or 40s 2:54 nobody in their 30s or 40s thinks, "Are 2:55 thinks, "Are 2:55 thinks, "Are my habits affecting 2:57 my habits affecting 2:57 my habits affecting my brain?" But 2:58 my brain?" But 2:58 my brain?" But we'll talk about that 2:59 we'll talk about that 2:59 we'll talk about that later. And I think that's 3:00 later. And I think that's 3:00 later. And I think that's really important 3:01 really important 3:01 really important to consider, because 3:02 to consider, because 3:02 to consider, because throughout our lives we 3:03 throughout our lives we 3:03 throughout our lives we can do so 3:03 can do so 3:03 can do so much, just like 3:04 much, just like 3:04 much, just like with our bones; There are 3:05 with our bones; There are 3:05 with our bones; There are many possibilities. And 3:06 many possibilities. And 3:06 many possibilities. And the great thing is that 3:07 the great thing is that 3:07 the great thing is that the audience you're 3:08 the audience you're 3:08 the audience you're addressing is 3:09 addressing is 3:09 addressing is made up of people 3:10 made up of people 3:10 made up of people who are into 3:11 who are into 3:11 who are into sports, they're 3:12 sports, they're 3:12 sports, they're proactive, they 3:13 proactive, they 3:13 proactive, they want to know what they 3:14 want to know what they 3:14 want to know what they can do. So 3:15 can do. So 3:15 can do. So you're really 3:16 you're really 3:16 you're really reaching out to the 3:17 reaching out to the 3:17 reaching out to the right people who 3:18 right people who 3:18 right people who will 3:18 will 3:18 will use this and 3:19 use this and 3:19 use this and implement change. 3:20 implement change.
The new science of brain health and immunometabolism 3:22 But where did I 3:22 But where did I start, when there's 3:24 start, when there's 3:24 start, when there's something important in your book 3:25 something important in your book : there's a 3:26 : there's a 3:26 : there's a significant shift in how 3:27 significant shift in how 3:27 significant shift in how we think about 3:28 we think about 3:28 we think about brain health, we've 3:29 brain health, we've 3:29 brain health, we've gone beyond the 3:30 gone beyond the 3:30 gone beyond the traditional focus, 3:31 traditional focus, 3:31 traditional focus, and you can 3:32 and you can 3:32 and you can explain it, on 3:33 explain it, on 3:33 explain it, on amyloid plaques, 3:34 amyloid plaques, 3:34 amyloid plaques, to what you called 3:35 to what you called 3:36 to what you called immunometabolism. 3:37 immunometabolism. 3:40 Can you just 3:40 Can you just explain what that 3:41 explain what that 3:41 explain what that means and what it is? 3:42 means and what it is? 3:43 means and what it is? This is a huge 3:43 This is a huge 3:43 This is a huge dichotomy that has been 3:45 dichotomy that has been 3:45 dichotomy that has been long awaited and is 3:46 long awaited and is 3:46 long awaited and is very welcome. Since the late 3:49 very welcome. Since the late 3:49 very welcome. Since the late 1980s, we've been told 3:50 1980s, we've been told 3:50 1980s, we've been told that there's 3:51 that there's 3:51 that there's this 3:52 this 3:52 this sticky protein, a 3:53 sticky protein, a 3:53 sticky protein, a 3:55 misfolded protein 3:55 misfolded protein called beta- 3:57 called beta- amyloid, that builds up in the brain, and that this is the 3:58 amyloid, that builds up in the brain, and that this is the 3:58 amyloid, that builds up in the brain, and that this is the main cause of 3:59 main cause of 3:59 main cause of Alzheimer's disease. 4:00 Alzheimer's disease. 4:01 Alzheimer's disease. You know what? This is, of course, 4:03 You know what? This is, of course, 4:03 You know what? This is, of course, not a medical term, 4:04 not a medical term, 4:04 not a medical term, but I'll 4:05 but I'll 4:05 but I'll use it anyway—it's 4:06 use it anyway—it's 4:06 use it anyway—it's nonsense. This is not 4:07 nonsense. This is not 4:07 nonsense. This is not true 4:08 true . Alzheimer's disease is 4:10 . Alzheimer's disease is 4:10 . Alzheimer's disease is not caused by beta- 4:11 not caused by beta- amyloid. We've all 4:13 amyloid. We've all 4:15 been 4:15 been conditioned to believe this 4:17 conditioned to believe this 4:17 conditioned to believe this myth, including me as a neurologist, and so all the drugs 4:18 myth, including me as a neurologist, and so all the drugs 4:18 myth, including me as a neurologist, and so all the drugs have been designed to 4:19 have been designed to 4:19 have been designed to target 4:20 target 4:20 target this beta-amyloid: 4:21 this beta-amyloid: 4:22 this beta-amyloid: get rid of the beta- 4:22 get rid of the beta- amyloid—problem 4:24 amyloid—problem 4:24 amyloid—problem solved. You know what? 4:26 solved. You know what? 4:26 solved. You know what? It didn't work. 4:27 It didn't work. 4:31 You know, earlier 4:31 You know, earlier this year, a few 4:32 this year, a few 4:32 this year, a few months ago, there was a 4:33 months ago, there was a 4:33 months ago, there was a 4:35 Cochrane review, 4:35 Cochrane review, and a Cochrane 4:35 and a Cochrane 4:35 and a Cochrane review is the 4:36 review is the 4:36 review is the most sophisticated 4:37 most sophisticated 4:37 most sophisticated global approach to 4:38 global approach to 4:38 global approach to understanding medical 4:39 understanding medical 4:39 understanding medical research in a particular 4:41 research in a particular 4:41 research in a particular field, and they 4:41 field, and they 4:41 field, and they evaluated 17 studies 4:43 evaluated 17 studies 4:43 evaluated 17 studies that looked at 4:43 that looked at 4:43 that looked at the effectiveness of 4:44 the effectiveness of 4:50 amyloid-based drugs. In other 4:50 amyloid-based drugs. In other words, drugs that are 4:51 words, drugs that are 4:51 words, drugs that are still marketed for 4:53 still marketed for 4:53 still marketed for the treatment of 4:54 the treatment of 4:54 the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 4:55 Alzheimer's disease 4:55 Alzheimer's disease target this beta- 4:56 target this beta- amyloid. And you know, this is a 4:58 amyloid. And you know, this is a 4:58 amyloid. And you know, this is a scenario where 4:58 scenario where 4:58 scenario where someone is 4:59 someone is 4:59 someone is experiencing 5:00 experiencing 5:00 experiencing cognitive decline. 5:01 cognitive decline. 5:01 cognitive decline. They go to the doctor. 5:02 They go to the doctor. 5:02 They go to the doctor. She diagnoses them with 5:04 She diagnoses them with 5:04 She diagnoses them with Alzheimer's disease. 5:05 Alzheimer's disease. 5:05 Alzheimer's disease. And now you're in an 5:06 And now you're in an 5:06 And now you're in an infusion center, 5:07 infusion center, 5:07 infusion center, where every few 5:08 where every few 5:08 where every few weeks, for a lot of 5:09 weeks, for a lot of 5:09 weeks, for a lot of money, they give you this 5:10 money, they give you this 5:10 money, they give you this intravenous 5:11 intravenous 5:11 intravenous drug that supposedly 5:13 drug that supposedly 5:13 drug that supposedly helps with 5:14 helps with 5:14 helps with Alzheimer's disease 5:15 Alzheimer's disease 5:15 Alzheimer's disease because it affects 5:16 because it affects 5:16 because it affects beta-amyloid. A 5:19 beta-amyloid. A 5:19 beta-amyloid. A Cochrane 5:20 Cochrane 5:20 Cochrane Community analysis, which included 5:22 Community analysis, which included 5:22 Community analysis, which included 17 large 5:23 17 large 5:23 17 large studies involving 5:25 studies involving 5:25 studies involving 20,342 people, 5:31 20,342 people, 5:31 20,342 people, showed that 5:32 showed that 5:32 showed that the effectiveness of these 5:33 the effectiveness of these 5:33 the effectiveness of these drugs, they 5:34 drugs, they 5:34 drugs, they said, is meager. In 5:35 said, is meager. In 5:41 other words, these 5:41 other words, these medications have no 5:42 medications have no 5:42 medications have no significant effect on 5:43 significant effect on 5:43 significant effect on slowing 5:44 slowing 5:44 slowing cognitive 5:45 cognitive 5:45 cognitive decline, but 5:45 decline, but 5:46 decline, but at the same time are associated with 5:47 at the same time are associated with 5:47 at the same time are associated with quite significant 5:48 quite significant 5:48 quite significant risks. About 5:51 risks. About 20–28% of people taking 5:53 20–28% of people taking 5:53 20–28% of people taking these drugs 5:54 these drugs 5:54 these drugs experience 5:54 experience 5:55 experience microbleeds in 5:56 microbleeds in 5:56 microbleeds in the brain and/or 5:57 the brain and/or 5:57 the brain and/or swelling, known 5:58 swelling, known 5:58 swelling, known as ARIA—amyloid- 5:59 as ARIA—amyloid- associated 6:01 associated 6:01 associated imaging abnormalities. In 6:02 imaging abnormalities. In 6:02 imaging abnormalities. In medicine, we always 6:03 medicine, we always 6:03 medicine, we always strive to assess the so- 6:05 strive to assess the so- 6:05 strive to assess the so- called 6:06 called 6:06 called risk-benefit ratio. In 6:08 risk-benefit ratio. In 6:08 risk-benefit ratio. In this case, the medication 6:09 this case, the medication 6:09 this case, the medication carries high risk 6:11 carries high risk 6:11 carries high risk and virtually zero 6:12 and virtually zero 6:12 and virtually zero benefit. So the 6:13 benefit. So the 6:13 benefit. So the 6:15 risk-to-benefit ratio is 6:15 risk-to-benefit ratio is very high, which 6:16 very high, which 6:16 very high, which means we should 6:17 means we should 6:17 means we should stay away from them 6:17 stay away from them 6:17 stay away from them . I emphasize 6:19 . I emphasize 6:19 . I emphasize this because it 6:20 this because it 6:20 this because it reinforces our 6:21 reinforces our 6:21 reinforces our understanding that 6:22 understanding that 6:22 understanding that Alzheimer's disease is 6:23 Alzheimer's disease is 6:23 Alzheimer's disease is not caused by beta- 6:25 not caused by beta- amyloid. These 6:27 amyloid. These 6:27 amyloid. These drugs are incredibly 6:28 drugs are incredibly 6:28 drugs are incredibly effective at removing 6:29 effective at removing 6:29 effective at removing beta-amyloid from the brain 6:31 beta-amyloid from the brain . And you know what? This does 6:32 . And you know what? This does 6:32 . And you know what? This does no one 6:33 no one 6:33 no one any good. This 6:35 any good. This 6:35 any good. This quite clearly indicates that 6:36 quite clearly indicates that 6:36 quite clearly indicates that we need to 6:37 we need to 6:37 we need to look 6:38 look 6:38 look elsewhere for answers. And, 6:39 elsewhere for answers. And, 6:39 elsewhere for answers. And, fortunately, understanding 6:40 fortunately, understanding 6:40 fortunately, understanding is changing, and it is 6:41 is changing, and it is 6:41 is changing, and it is changing from 6:42 changing from 6:42 changing from many perspectives. 6:43 many perspectives. 6:43 many perspectives. We'll figure it out now 6:45 We'll figure it out now . The change in understanding 6:47 . The change in understanding 6:47 . The change in understanding concerns what 6:49 concerns what 6:49 concerns what you described as 6:49 you described as 6:49 you described as immunometabolism, 6:50 immunometabolism, 6:51 immunometabolism, that is, the relationship between the 6:52 that is, the relationship between the 6:52 that is, the relationship between the immune system and 6:53 immune system and 6:53 immune system and metabolism. 6:56 metabolism. 6:56 metabolism. We can 6:57 We can 6:57 We can significantly influence the latter. What does 6:59 significantly influence the latter. What does 7:01 immunometabolism mean? 7:01 immunometabolism mean? First, the immune 7:02 First, the immune 7:02 First, the immune part. We now 7:04 part. We now 7:04 part. We now understand that immune 7:05 understand that immune 7:05 understand that immune cells in the brain 7:06 cells in the brain 7:06 cells in the brain play a key 7:07 play a key 7:07 play a key role in the development of 7:08 role in the development of 7:08 role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, 7:10 Alzheimer's disease, 7:10 Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, 7:10 Parkinson's disease, 7:10 Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, 7:12 multiple sclerosis, 7:12 multiple sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, 7:13 frontotemporal dementia, 7:14 multiple system 7:14 multiple system atrophy, 7:15 atrophy, 7:15 atrophy, progressive 7:16 progressive 7:16 progressive supranuclear 7:17 supranuclear 7:17 supranuclear palsy, and all of these 7:18 palsy, and all of these 7:18 palsy, and all of these complex names for 7:19 complex names for 7:19 complex names for 7:21 neurodegenerative 7:21 neurodegenerative conditions like 7:22 conditions like 7:22 conditions like Alzheimer's disease. They are all 7:25 Alzheimer's disease. They are all 7:25 Alzheimer's disease. They are all united. They are not 7:26 united. They are not 7:26 united. They are not different. They are all 7:30 different. They are all 7:30 different. They are all united because in 7:31 united because in 7:31 united because in each of these 7:32 each of these 7:32 each of these seemingly different 7:33 seemingly different 7:33 seemingly different diseases, the 7:34 diseases, the 7:34 diseases, the brain's immune system, namely 7:35 brain's immune system, namely 7:35 brain's immune system, namely microglial 7:36 microglial 7:36 microglial cells, plays a 7:37 cells, plays a 7:37 cells, plays a central and 7:38 central and 7:38 central and direct role. 7:39 direct role. 7:42 So these 7:42 So these microglial 7:43 microglial 7:43 microglial cells -- this may 7:44 cells -- this may 7:44 cells -- this may sound like a long 7:45 sound like a long 7:45 sound like a long explanation, but I 7:46 explanation, but I 7:46 explanation, but I hope I'm 7:47 hope I'm 7:47 hope I'm laying it all out there 7:48 laying it all out there 7:48 laying it all out there . Let me 7:49 . Let me 7:49 . Let me summarize. Here are the 7:50 summarize. Here are the 7:50 summarize. Here are the main points. The 7:52 main points. The 7:52 main points. The brain's immune system 7:52 brain's immune system 7:52 brain's immune system plays a central 7:54 plays a central 7:54 plays a central role in 7:55 role in 7:55 role in brain degeneration. Or, on the other 7:56 brain degeneration. Or, on the other 7:56 brain degeneration. Or, on the other hand, it supports 7:57 hand, it supports 7:57 hand, it supports brain health. This is the 7:59 brain health. This is the 7:59 brain health. This is the first point. Point 8:00 first point. Point 8:00 first point. Point two: The key 8:01 two: The key 8:01 two: The key players in the 8:02 players in the 8:02 players in the brain's immune system 8:03 brain's immune system 8:03 brain's immune system are called 8:04 are called 8:04 are called microglial 8:05 microglial 8:05 microglial cells. Point 8:06 cells. Point 8:06 cells. Point three: this is very 8:07 three: this is very 8:07 three: this is very important. These 8:08 important. These 8:08 important. These microglial 8:09 microglial 8:09 microglial cells can be 8:10 cells can be 8:10 cells can be both our friends and 8:11 both our friends and 8:11 both our friends and our enemies 8:12 our enemies . They can be in the 8:14 . They can be in the 8:14 . They can be in the M2 configuration, which 8:15 M2 configuration, which 8:15 M2 configuration, which means support, 8:16 means support, 8:16 means support, care, nurturing, 8:18 care, nurturing, 8:18 care, nurturing, allowing us 8:18 allowing us 8:18 allowing us to grow new 8:19 to grow new 8:19 to grow new brain cells, nourish 8:21 brain cells, nourish 8:21 brain cells, nourish our synapses, 8:22 our synapses, 8:22 our synapses, supporting the functioning of the 8:23 supporting the functioning of the 8:23 supporting the functioning of the blood-brain 8:24 blood-brain 8:24 blood-brain barrier. Or they 8:26 barrier. Or they 8:26 barrier. Or they can transition to the 8:27 can transition to the 8:27 can transition to the M1 state, the evil 8:28 M1 state, the evil 8:28 M1 state, the evil twin. In other 8:31 twin. In other 8:31 twin. In other words, M2 is 8:32 words, M2 is supportive, M1 is 8:33 supportive, M1 is destructive. These are 8:35 destructive. These are 8:35 destructive. These are microglial 8:36 microglial 8:36 microglial cells of the brain, the 8:37 cells of the brain, the 8:37 cells of the brain, the brain's immune system. The 8:38 brain's immune system. The 8:41 inspiring part of 8:41 inspiring part of our 8:42 our 8:42 our story today is that 8:43 story today is that 8:43 story today is that whether they are 8:44 whether they are 8:44 whether they are brain protectors or 8:46 brain protectors or 8:46 brain protectors or brain destroyers 8:47 brain destroyers 8:47 brain destroyers depends on their 8:48 depends on their 8:48 depends on their metabolism, and their 8:49 metabolism, and their 8:49 metabolism, and their metabolism 8:50 metabolism 8:50 metabolism reflects the 8:51 reflects the 8:51 reflects the body's metabolism. This is 8:53 body's metabolism. This is 8:53 body's metabolism. This is all our time together 8:54 all our time together 8:54 all our time together today, and we're 8:55 today, and we're 8:55 today, and we're going to figure it 8:56 going to figure it 8:56 going to figure it all out. In other 8:59 all out. In other 8:59 all out. In other words, all 9:00 words, all 9:00 words, all neurodegenerative 9:01 neurodegenerative 9:01 neurodegenerative conditions are based on 9:03 conditions are based on 9:03 conditions are based on changes in 9:03 changes in 9:03 changes in 9:05 brain microglial cells from M2 ( supportive) to M1 9:06 supportive) to M1 9:06 supportive) to M1 (destructive). This change is a 9:11 (destructive). This change is a 9:11 (destructive). This change is a result of their 9:12 result of their 9:12 result of their metabolic shift, 9:13 metabolic shift, 9:13 metabolic shift, which changes their 9:15 which changes their 9:15 which changes their metabolism to mirror that of 9:15 metabolism to mirror that of 9:16 metabolism to mirror that of 9:17 our 9:17 our body. This is a real 9:19 body. This is a real 9:19 body. This is a real success. This gives us 9:20 success. This gives us 9:20 success. This gives us a lot of topics to 9:21 a lot of topics to 9:21 a lot of topics to talk about. That's right. There 9:23 talk about. That's right. There 9:23 talk about. That's right. There are so many nuances 9:24 are so many nuances 9:24 are so many nuances to discuss here, 9:25 to discuss here, 9:25 to discuss here, such as how our 9:26 such as how our 9:26 such as how our lifestyle affects 9:27 lifestyle affects 9:27 lifestyle affects metabolism and therefore 9:28 metabolism and therefore 9:28 metabolism and therefore microglial 9:29 microglial 9:29 microglial cells. But what I've 9:31 cells. But what I've 9:31 cells. But what I've just done is I've 9:32 just done is I've 9:32 just done is I've shifted the 9:33 shifted the 9:37 responsibility, the 9:37 responsibility, the control of 9:38 control of 9:39 control of brain health, from the doctor 9:40 brain health, from the doctor 9:40 brain health, from the doctor who diagnoses 9:41 who diagnoses 9:41 who diagnoses and prescribes medication, to the 9:42 and prescribes medication, to the 9:42 and prescribes medication, to the person themselves, giving that 9:43 person themselves, giving that 9:43 person themselves, giving that right back to the person themselves. In 9:45 right back to the person themselves. In 9:49 other words, we are the architects, each of 9:50 architects, each of 9:51 architects, each of us, of the fate of our brain, 9:52 us, of the fate of our brain, 9:52 us, of the fate of our brain, and it depends on 9:53 and it depends on 9:53 and it depends on our lifestyle, 9:54 our lifestyle, 9:54 our lifestyle, which we could 9:55 which we could 9:55 which we could change if we knew 9:57 change if we knew 9:57 change if we knew how. And that's what my 10:01 how. And that's what my 10:01 how. And that's what my new book is about: giving 10:02 new book is about: giving 10:02 new book is about: giving people the tools to 10:03 people the tools to 10:05 determine the fate of their own 10:05 determine the fate of their own brains. In 2024, a study 10:09 brains. In 2024, a study 10:09 brains. In 2024, a study was published in The Lancet 10:10 was published in The Lancet 10:10 was published in The Lancet 10:12 that 10:12 that showed that if people 10:13 showed that if people 10:13 showed that if people could pay 10:15 could pay 10:15 could pay attention to 14 different 10:16 attention to 14 different 10:16 attention to 14 different factors, such as 10:17 factors, such as 10:17 factors, such as controlling 10:18 controlling 10:18 controlling blood pressure, 10:19 blood pressure, 10:19 blood pressure, reducing the risk of 10:20 reducing the risk of 10:20 reducing the risk of head 10:21 head 10:21 head injuries (for example, 10:23 injuries (for example, 10:23 injuries (for example, wearing a helmet when 10:24 wearing a helmet when 10:26 cycling), controlling 10:26 cycling), controlling weight, quitting 10:27 weight, quitting 10:27 weight, quitting smoking, and 10:29 smoking, and 10:29 smoking, and exercising, the overall 10:30 exercising, the overall 10:30 exercising, the overall risk of dementia could be 10:31 risk of dementia could be 10:31 risk of dementia could be reduced by 50%. 10:32 reduced by 50%. 10:38 Think about it. This is a 10:38 Think about it. This is a powerful number when 10:39 powerful number when 10:39 powerful number when you compare it to the fact that there are 10:41 you compare it to the fact that there are 10:41 you compare it to the fact that there are 7 million Alzheimer's patients in America today 10:42 7 million Alzheimer's patients in America today 10:47 . It 10:47 . It shouldn't be like that. You know, 10:49 shouldn't be like that. You know, 10:49 shouldn't be like that. You know, Robert Kennedy 10:50 Robert Kennedy Sr. once said 10:51 Sr. once said 10:51 Sr. once said that some people 10:52 that some people 10:52 that some people ask why things are the way they are 10:53 ask why things are the way they are 10:53 ask why things are the way they are and say "why," 10:54 and say "why," 10:54 and say "why," while others talk about 10:56 while others talk about 10:56 while others talk about how things could be and 10:57 how things could be and 10:57 how things could be and ask "why 10:58 ask "why 10:58 ask "why not?" That's what we're 11:00 not?" That's what we're 11:02 talking about today. Why not? 11:02 talking about today. Why not? Why not give people 11:03 Why not give people 11:03 Why not give people these tools and 11:04 these tools and 11:04 these tools and make a significant 11:05 make a significant 11:05 make a significant contribution not only to 11:06 contribution not only to 11:06 contribution not only to reducing the global 11:07 reducing the global 11:07 reducing the global risk of 11:08 risk of 11:08 risk of Alzheimer's disease, but also to the 11:09 Alzheimer's disease, but also to the 11:09 Alzheimer's disease, but also to the health of every 11:10 health of every 11:10 health of every person? 11:10 person? 11:10 person? Yes, this is extremely 11:11 Yes, this is extremely 11:11 Yes, this is extremely important, because there is 11:12 important, because there is 11:12 important, because there is so much 11:13 so much 11:13 so much hope ahead, so much that 11:14 hope ahead, so much that 11:14 hope ahead, so much that we can 11:15 we can 11:15 we can do, and that 11:16 do, and that 11:16 do, and that most people 11:17 most people 11:17 most people don't even 11:17 don't even 11:17 don't even realize. But the
Metabolic health and its impact on cognitive decline 11:20 realize. But the 11:20 realize. But the most interesting thing about your 11:21 most interesting thing about your 11:21 most interesting thing about your book is that you 11:22 book is that you 11:22 book is that you emphasize the 11:23 emphasize the 11:23 emphasize the importance of 11:24 importance of 11:24 importance of metabolic 11:25 metabolic 11:25 metabolic health, yet you 11:26 health, yet you 11:26 health, yet you cite statistics 11:27 cite statistics 11:27 cite statistics that only 6-7% of 11:28 that only 6-7% of Americans have 11:29 Americans have 11:29 Americans have it. So what does this mean 11:33 it. So what does this mean ? You know, if we follow the 11:35 ? You know, if we follow the 11:35 ? You know, if we follow the same path, are 11:36 same path, are 11:36 same path, are most 11:37 most 11:37 most people headed for 11:37 people headed for 11:37 people headed for cognitive 11:38 cognitive 11:38 cognitive decline? In fact, 11:40 decline? In fact, 11:40 decline? In fact, the statistics we 11:42 the statistics we 11:42 the statistics we cite in the book 11:43 cite in the book 11:43 cite in the book reach over 90%. This 11:46 reach over 90%. This 11:46 reach over 90%. This means that only 10% of 11:47 means that only 10% of American adults 11:49 American adults 11:49 American adults are considered medically 11:50 are considered medically 11:50 are considered medically metabolically 11:51 metabolically 11:51 metabolically healthy. That is, only 11:54 healthy. That is, only 11:54 healthy. That is, only 10% do not have 11:55 10% do not have 11:55 10% do not have metabolic problems 11:56 metabolic problems , such as hypertension, 11:58 , such as hypertension, 11:58 , such as hypertension, elevated 11:59 elevated 11:59 elevated blood sugar levels, 12:00 blood sugar levels, 12:00 blood sugar levels, overweight, 12:01 overweight, 12:01 overweight, obesity, 12:02 obesity, 12:02 obesity, dyslipidemia, or 12:03 dyslipidemia, or 12:03 dyslipidemia, or high 12:04 high 12:04 high triglyceride levels. This is a 12:07 triglyceride levels. This is a 12:07 triglyceride levels. This is a sad statistic 12:08 sad statistic 12:08 sad statistic because everything I 12:09 because everything I 12:09 because everything I just listed 12:10 just listed 12:10 just listed is mostly a 12:11 is mostly a 12:11 is mostly a consequence of 12:12 consequence of 12:12 consequence of lifestyle. Our food, 12:16 lifestyle. Our food, 12:16 lifestyle. Our food, physical 12:17 physical 12:17 physical activity levels, and 12:18 activity levels, and 12:18 activity levels, and of course, sleep 12:19 of course, sleep 12:19 of course, sleep play a huge 12:20 play a huge 12:20 play a huge role in how 12:21 role in how 12:21 role in how our 12:22 our 12:22 our blood sugar levels are regulated. 12:23 blood sugar levels are regulated. 12:26 For example, 12:26 For example, 12:28 insulin function, 12:28 insulin function, insulin sensitivity, our 12:29 insulin sensitivity, our 12:30 insulin sensitivity, our diet, of course, 12:30 diet, of course, 12:30 diet, of course, controls body weight and to 12:32 controls body weight and to 12:32 controls body weight and to some extent 12:33 some extent 12:33 some extent determines whether or not our 12:34 determines whether or not our 12:34 determines whether or not our blood lipid levels will be 12:35 blood lipid levels will be 12:35 blood lipid levels will be normal, as is the 12:36 normal, as is the 12:36 normal, as is the case with 12:37 case with 12:37 case with triglycerides. 12:38 triglycerides. 12:41 Of course, there are 12:41 Of course, there are genetic factors 12:42 genetic factors 12:42 genetic factors associated with 12:43 associated with 12:43 associated with elevated 12:44 elevated 12:44 elevated blood lipid levels, 12:45 blood lipid levels, 12:45 blood lipid levels, hypercholesterolemia 12:46 hypercholesterolemia , we understand that, but 12:48 , we understand that, but 12:48 , we understand that, but the point is that these 12:49 the point is that these 12:49 the point is that these things can be corrected. 12:50 things can be corrected. 12:51 things can be corrected. Metabolic problems 12:52 Metabolic problems 12:52 Metabolic problems can usually be 12:53 can usually be 12:53 can usually be addressed with 12:54 addressed with 12:54 addressed with lifestyle changes, but to be 12:55 lifestyle changes, but to be 12:55 lifestyle changes, but to be fair 12:55 fair 12:56 fair , medication 12:57 , medication 12:57 , medication can also be 12:57 can also be 12:57 can also be appropriate, and no one is 12:58 appropriate, and no one is 12:58 appropriate, and no one is arguing that. 13:00 arguing that. 13:00 arguing that. But this is the path to 13:01 But this is the path to 13:01 But this is the path to brain decline. What did I 13:02 brain decline. What did I 13:02 brain decline. What did I just say? These 13:05 just say? These 13:05 just say? These metabolic problems 13:06 metabolic problems 13:06 metabolic problems pave the way for 13:07 pave the way for 13:07 pave the way for brain decline. If 13:10 brain decline. If 13:10 brain decline. If you have 13:12 you have 13:12 you have type 2 diabetes, you have a 13:13 type 2 diabetes, you have a 13:13 type 2 diabetes, you have a condition that increases your 13:14 condition that increases your 13:14 condition that increases your risk of developing 13:15 risk of developing 13:15 risk of developing dementia threefold. Your 13:16 dementia threefold. Your 13:19 risk of dementia 13:19 risk of dementia increases by 300% as a 13:20 increases by 300% as a 13:21 increases by 300% as a result of your 13:22 result of your 13:22 result of your type 2 diabetes. 13:23 type 2 diabetes. 13:26 Yes, there are certain, albeit 13:26 Yes, there are certain, albeit minor, genetic 13:28 minor, genetic 13:28 minor, genetic factors associated with 13:29 factors associated with 13:31 type 2 diabetes, but frankly 13:31 type 2 diabetes, but frankly , it is a 13:32 , it is a 13:36 lifestyle issue. This is due, 13:36 lifestyle issue. This is due, for example, to the 13:37 for example, to the 13:37 for example, to the consumption of large 13:38 consumption of large 13:38 consumption of large amounts of 13:38 amounts of 13:38 amounts of ultra-processed 13:39 ultra-processed 13:39 ultra-processed foods. So, who 13:41 foods. So, who 13:41 foods. So, who eats these 13:41 eats these 13:41 eats these ultra-processed 13:42 ultra-processed 13:42 ultra-processed foods? Americans. 13:44 foods? Americans. 13:47 60% of the average 13:50 American's daily calorie intake 13:50 American's daily calorie intake comes from these 13:51 comes from these 13:51 comes from these ultra-processed 13:52 ultra-processed 13:52 ultra-processed foods. Why is this a 13:54 foods. Why is this a 13:54 foods. Why is this a problem and how does it 13:55 problem and how does it 13:55 problem and how does it relate to our 13:56 relate to our 13:56 relate to our 13:58 conversation today? Well, it does 13:58 conversation today? Well, it does matter if we 13:59 matter if we 13:59 matter if we look at a 14:00 look at a 14:00 look at a study 14:00 study 14:00 study published in the 14:01 published in the 14:01 published in the journal 14:02 journal 14:04 Alzheimer's Prevention. Journal 14:04 Alzheimer's Prevention. Journal of 14:05 of 14:05 of Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. 14:06 Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. 14:06 Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. Can you imagine 14:08 Can you imagine ? This is amazing 14:09 ? This is amazing 14:09 ? This is amazing to me. But there is a 14:10 to me. But there is a 14:10 to me. But there is a journal on 14:11 journal on 14:11 journal on Alzheimer's disease prevention. 14:12 Alzheimer's disease prevention. 14:12 Alzheimer's disease prevention. In my time, no one would have 14:13 In my time, no one would have 14:13 In my time, no one would have even 14:13 even 14:13 even thought about 14:14 thought about 14:14 thought about preventing 14:15 preventing 14:15 preventing Alzheimer's disease. This is 14:16 Alzheimer's disease. This is 14:16 Alzheimer's disease. This is our 14:17 our 14:17 our topic today. And there is a magazine that 14:19 topic today. And there is a magazine that 14:19 topic today. And there is a magazine that came out in January 2025 14:21 came out in January 2025 14:21 came out in January 2025 . And this was a 14:22 . And this was a 14:22 . And this was a study of 1,730 people, 14:29 study of 1,730 people, 14:29 study of 1,730 people, no, 1,375 people, who 14:30 no, 1,375 people, who 14:30 no, 1,375 people, who were followed for about 14:32 were followed for about 14:32 were followed for about 12 years, studying 14:33 12 years, studying 14:33 12 years, studying their 14:34 their 14:34 their consumption levels of these 14:35 consumption levels of these 14:36 consumption levels of these ultra-processed 14:37 ultra-processed 14:37 ultra-processed foods. 14:38 foods. 14:43 It turns out that for 14:43 It turns out that for every serving of 14:44 every serving of 14:44 every serving of ultra-processed 14:45 ultra-processed 14:46 ultra-processed foods per day— 14:47 foods per day— a handful of chips, 14:48 a handful of chips, 14:48 a handful of chips, flavored 14:49 flavored 14:49 flavored yogurt, or something else—the 14:50 yogurt, or something else—the risk of developing 14:51 risk of developing 14:51 risk of developing Alzheimer's disease 14:52 Alzheimer's disease 14:52 Alzheimer's disease increased by about 14:54 increased by about 14:54 increased by about 13%. For each serving; 14:58 13%. For each serving; 14:58 13%. For each serving; people who consumed 10 15:00 people who consumed 10 15:00 people who consumed 10 or more servings per 15:01 or more servings per 15:02 or more servings per day, which is extremely 15:03 day, which is extremely 15:03 day, which is extremely common, had an 15:04 common, had an 15:04 common, had an increased risk of 15:05 increased risk of 15:05 increased risk of about 2.7 times. In 15:07 about 2.7 times. In 15:11 other words, that's an 15:11 other words, that's an increase in risk of 15:12 increase in risk of 15:12 increase in risk of about 270% for a 15:13 about 270% for a 15:13 about 270% for a disease that has no 15:15 disease that has no 15:15 disease that has no pharmaceutical 15:16 pharmaceutical 15:16 pharmaceutical treatment, just because of the 15:17 treatment, just because of the 15:17 treatment, just because of the foods they 15:18 foods they 15:19 foods they chose to 15:19 chose to 15:19 chose to consume. So I 15:22 consume. So I 15:22 consume. So I think this is 15:22 think this is 15:22 think this is incredibly valuable 15:24 incredibly valuable 15:24 incredibly valuable information. You know 15:25 information. You know , when I read my 15:26 , when I read my 15:26 , when I read my brain journals, my 15:27 brain journals, my 15:27 brain journals, my neurological journals 15:29 neurological journals , there are pages upon 15:29 , there are pages upon 15:30 , there are pages upon pages of 15:30 pages of 15:30 pages of advertisements 15:31 advertisements 15:31 advertisements trying to 15:32 trying to 15:32 trying to convince 15:33 convince 15:33 convince neurologists like me 15:34 neurologists like me 15:34 neurologists like me to use these 15:35 to use these 15:35 to use these drugs that 15:36 drugs that 15:36 drugs that target beta- 15:37 target beta- amyloid. You know, 15:38 amyloid. You know, 15:38 amyloid. You know, the word " 15:40 the word " myopia" comes to mind as a sign of 15:41 myopia" comes to mind as a sign of 15:41 myopia" comes to mind as a sign of very limited, 15:42 very limited, 15:42 very limited, narrow thinking. This is 15:43 narrow thinking. This is 15:43 narrow thinking. This is not what we should 15:44 not what we should 15:44 not what we should do. John F. Kennedy 15:46 do. John F. Kennedy 15:46 do. John F. Kennedy once said that the roof 15:47 once said that the roof 15:47 once said that the roof should be fixed 15:48 should be fixed 15:48 should be fixed while the sun shines. And 15:49 while the sun shines. And 15:49 while the sun shines. And you know, I think we're 15:51 you know, I think we're 15:51 you know, I think we're talking about what to 15:52 talking about what to 15:52 talking about what to do about 15:53 do about 15:53 do about Alzheimer's disease, and 15:54 Alzheimer's disease, and 15:54 Alzheimer's disease, and maybe even 15:55 maybe even 15:55 maybe even looking at 15:56 looking at 15:56 looking at preventing it? And we're 15:57 preventing it? And we're 15:57 preventing it? And we're talking about people in their 15:58 talking about people in their 15:58 talking about people in their 60s and 70s, when 15:59 60s and 70s, when 15:59 60s and 70s, when they start to 16:00 they start to 16:00 they start to experience cognitive 16:02 experience cognitive 16:02 experience cognitive impairment. 16:02 impairment. 16:02 impairment. Wrong 16:03 Wrong 16:03 Wrong answer. I 16:04 answer. I 16:04 answer. I think in my book, 16:05 think in my book, 16:05 think in my book, literally in my 16:06 literally in my 16:06 literally in my book, the idea is to 16:07 book, the idea is to 16:09 target 30- to 40- year-olds, because that's not 16:11 year-olds, because that's not 16:11 year-olds, because that's not the time when 16:11 the time when 16:12 the time when cognitive 16:13 cognitive 16:13 cognitive decline is noticeable, but that's when 16:14 decline is noticeable, but that's when 16:14 decline is noticeable, but that's when 16:16 metabolic problems start . That's when 16:17 . That's when 16:17 . That's when elevated 16:18 elevated 16:18 elevated blood sugar, elevated fasting 16:19 blood sugar, elevated fasting 16:19 blood sugar, elevated fasting insulin, 16:21 insulin, 16:21 insulin, glycosylated 16:22 glycosylated 16:22 glycosylated hemoglobin, uric 16:23 hemoglobin, uric 16:23 hemoglobin, uric acid—all of these things 16:24 acid—all of these things 16:24 acid—all of these things start happening 16:24 start happening 16:24 start happening around that time, and that's when the 16:25 around that time, and that's when the 16:29 brain health program should start. Just like a 16:31 heart-healthy diet and a 16:31 heart-healthy diet and a program to 16:32 program to 16:32 program to maintain 16:33 maintain 16:33 maintain bone density. You know, it 16:35 bone density. You know, it 16:35 bone density. You know, it 's not enough to wait for 16:36 's not enough to wait for 16:36 's not enough to wait for someone to suddenly 16:37 someone to suddenly 16:37 someone to suddenly do a 16:38 do a 16:38 do a bone density test and 16:39 bone density test and 16:39 bone density test and find out they have full-blown 16:40 find out they have full-blown 16:40 find out they have full-blown osteoporosis. This is already a 16:42 osteoporosis. This is already a 16:42 osteoporosis. This is already a difficult task. 16:43 difficult task. 16:46 Therefore, these ideas for 16:46 Therefore, these ideas for women about strength 16:47 women about strength 16:47 women about strength training in their 30s 16:48 training in their 30s 16:48 training in their 30s play a huge 16:49 play a huge 16:49 play a huge role in reducing the 16:50 role in reducing the 16:50 role in reducing the risk of developing 16:51 risk of developing 16:51 risk of developing bone loss 16:52 bone loss 16:52 bone loss . And you know what? 16:54 . And you know what? 16:55 . And you know what? Exercise in your 30s and 40s 16:56 Exercise in your 30s and 40s 16:56 Exercise in your 30s and 40s and careful 16:57 and careful 16:57 and careful attention to 16:58 attention to 16:58 attention to nutrition have a significant 17:00 nutrition have a significant 17:00 nutrition have a significant impact on the 17:00 impact on the 17:00 impact on the future of your 17:01 future of your 17:02 future of your brain, heart, 17:03 brain, heart, 17:03 brain, heart, cancer risk, and the 17:04 cancer risk, and the 17:04 cancer risk, and the functioning of 17:05 functioning of 17:05 functioning of every major 17:06 every major 17:06 every major organ in your body. 17:07 organ in your body. 17:08 organ in your body. So, we have to 17:09 So, we have to 17:09 So, we have to bring the brain into 17:10 bring the brain into 17:10 bring the brain into this discussion, and that is 17:11 this discussion, and that is 17:12 this discussion, and that is our task. This is 17:13 our task. This is 17:13 our task. This is true, because the body 17:14 true, because the body 17:14 true, because the body does not exist in isolation, 17:15 does not exist in isolation, 17:16 does not exist in isolation, although in medicine, 17:17 although in medicine, 17:17 although in medicine, unfortunately, 17:17 unfortunately, 17:17 unfortunately, everything is often separated: the brain 17:19 everything is often separated: the brain 17:19 everything is often separated: the brain separately, the bones separately 17:20 separately, the bones separately . When you 17:21 . When you 17:21 . When you follow all 17:22 follow all 17:22 follow all these great habits, 17:23 these great habits, 17:23 these great habits, everything improves, which is 17:24 everything improves, which is 17:24 everything improves, which is just fantastic. 17:25 just fantastic.
Blood sugar, insulin resistance, and brain health 17:26 just fantastic. But you said something 17:27 But you said something 17:27 But you said something very interesting: you 17:27 very interesting: you 17:27 very interesting: you talked about 17:28 talked about 17:28 talked about blood sugar levels and their 17:30 blood sugar levels and their 17:30 blood sugar levels and their relationship. And I 17:31 relationship. And I 17:31 relationship. And I constantly observe 17:32 constantly observe 17:32 constantly observe in conventional 17:33 in conventional 17:33 in conventional medicine that even 17:34 medicine that even 17:34 medicine that even when people 17:34 when people 17:34 when people are in a 17:35 are in a 17:35 are in a pre-diabetic 17:36 pre-diabetic 17:36 pre-diabetic state, nothing is 17:37 state, nothing is 17:37 state, nothing is done; It's not even 17:38 done; It's not even 17:38 done; It's not even discussed. And 17:39 discussed. And 17:39 discussed. And then, suddenly, okay, 17:40 then, suddenly, okay, 17:40 then, suddenly, okay, diabetes, let's 17:41 diabetes, let's 17:41 diabetes, let's take medicine, 17:42 take medicine, 17:42 take medicine, let's do something 17:43 let's do something 17:43 let's do something else. But this is at an early 17:45 else. But this is at an early 17:45 else. But this is at an early stage. This is an early 17:46 stage. This is an early 17:46 stage. This is an early stage. There is 17:47 stage. There is 17:47 stage. There is so much you can do. And so, like 17:49 so much you can do. And so, like 17:49 so much you can do. And so, like with many other 17:50 with many other 17:50 with many other things, until it 17:51 things, until it 17:51 things, until it becomes a real 17:52 becomes a real 17:52 becomes a real problem that can be 17:53 problem that can be 17:53 problem that can be treated, people just 17:54 treated, people just 17:54 treated, people just ignore it. And so, well 17:55 ignore it. And so, well 17:55 ignore it. And so, well , it's true. 17:57 , it's true. 17:57 , it's true. You know, about a 17:58 You know, about a 17:58 You know, about a third of 17:59 third of 17:59 third of American adults have 18:00 American adults have 18:00 American adults have prediabetes. And the worst 18:01 prediabetes. And the worst 18:01 prediabetes. And the worst statistic related 18:03 statistic related 18:03 statistic related to this is 18:04 to this is 18:04 to this is that about 90% of them don't 18:05 that about 90% of them don't 18:05 that about 90% of them don't know about it. 18:06 know about it. 18:06 know about it. Yes. Therefore, I believe that 18:09 Yes. Therefore, I believe that 18:09 Yes. Therefore, I believe that therapists and other 18:10 therapists and other 18:10 therapists and other healthcare professionals 18:11 healthcare professionals 18:11 healthcare professionals need to be 18:12 need to be 18:12 need to be much more assertive 18:13 much more assertive 18:13 much more assertive on this issue. Yes. 18:15 on this issue. Yes. 18:16 on this issue. Yes. I think the idea of 18:17 I think the idea of 18:17 I think the idea of testing your 18:19 testing your 18:21 fasting blood sugar once a year 18:21 fasting blood sugar once a year and thinking everything is 18:22 and thinking everything is 18:22 and thinking everything is fine is wrong. I 18:24 fine is wrong. I 18:24 fine is wrong. I categorically 18:24 categorically 18:24 categorically state that this is 18:25 state that this is 18:25 state that this is wrong. And I 18:26 wrong. And I 18:27 wrong. And I tell you why in the book 18:28 tell you why in the book 18:28 tell you why in the book . Because your 18:29 . Because your 18:29 . Because your blood sugar levels 18:30 blood sugar levels 18:30 blood sugar levels may be within 18:31 may be within 18:31 may be within normal limits. We can 18:32 normal limits. We can 18:32 normal limits. We can talk about this 18:33 talk about this 18:33 talk about this wording in a moment. 18:34 wording in a moment. 18:34 wording in a moment. may be within 18:35 may be within 18:35 may be within normal limits because your 18:36 normal limits because your 18:36 normal limits because your insulin and 18:36 insulin and 18:36 insulin and pancreas 18:37 pancreas 18:37 pancreas are working 18:38 are working 18:38 are working overtime to 18:39 overtime to 18:39 overtime to keep it at 18:40 keep it at 18:40 keep it at that level. How 18:41 that level. How 18:41 that level. How can you know this? 18:42 can you know this? 18:42 can you know this? Well, one way 18:43 Well, one way 18:43 Well, one way to find out is 18:44 to find out is to check your 18:45 to check your 18:45 to check your insulin levels. If your 18:46 insulin levels. If your 18:46 insulin levels. If your blood sugar is 18:47 blood sugar is 18:47 blood sugar is normal but your 18:48 normal but your 18:48 normal but your insulin levels are 18:49 insulin levels are 18:49 insulin levels are high, it means 18:50 high, it means 18:50 high, it means your 18:51 your 18:51 your pancreas is producing this 18:52 pancreas is producing this 18:52 pancreas is producing this insulin, working 18:53 insulin, working 18:53 insulin, working overtime to 18:54 overtime to 18:54 overtime to keep your 18:55 keep your 18:55 keep your sugar levels where they should 18:56 sugar levels where they should 18:56 sugar levels where they should be. And this can't 18:57 be. And this can't 18:57 be. And this can't last forever. This 18:58 last forever. This 18:58 last forever. This cannot last even 18:59 cannot last even 18:59 cannot last even for a few 19:00 for a few 19:00 for a few years because very 19:01 years because very 19:01 years because very quickly your cells 19:02 quickly your cells 19:02 quickly your cells will become resistant to 19:03 will become resistant to 19:03 will become resistant to this increased 19:04 this increased 19:04 this increased insulin level. You 19:05 insulin level. You 19:05 insulin level. You will develop what is 19:06 will develop what is 19:07 will develop what is aptly called 19:08 aptly called 19:08 aptly called insulin resistance 19:09 insulin resistance , and of course, once 19:10 , and of course, once 19:10 , and of course, once that starts, your 19:11 that starts, your 19:11 that starts, your blood sugar levels will rise. 19:13 blood sugar levels will rise. 19:13 blood sugar levels will rise. So, fasting insulin levels 19:15 So, fasting insulin levels 19:15 So, fasting insulin levels and 19:15 and 19:16 and keeping them between, 19:17 keeping them between, 19:17 keeping them between, say, two and 19:18 say, two and 19:18 say, two and five 19:18 five 19:18 five microunits per 19:19 microunits per 19:19 microunits per milliliter is something to look at 19:21 milliliter is something to look at 19:23 in addition to fasting 19:23 in addition to fasting blood glucose levels 19:24 blood glucose levels 19:24 blood glucose levels . OK. 19:26 . OK. 19:26 . OK. If you 19:27 If you 19:27 If you only get tested once a 19:28 only get tested once a 19:28 only get tested once a year, 19:29 year, 19:29 year, please include a fasting 19:30 please include a fasting 19:30 please include a fasting insulin level 19:31 insulin level 19:31 insulin level and a 19:32 and a 19:32 and a glycated 19:32 glycated 19:32 glycated hemoglobin test with your doctor. I would like to 19:34 hemoglobin test with your doctor. I would like to 19:34 hemoglobin test with your doctor. I would like to know what my 19:35 know what my 19:35 know what my average is. 19:36 average is. 19:36 average is. I also want to know if 19:38 I also want to know if 19:38 I also want to know if I'm on the path to 19:39 I'm on the path to 19:39 I'm on the path to prediabetes, which is a 19:40 prediabetes, which is a 19:40 prediabetes, which is a precursor to 19:41 precursor to 19:41 precursor to developing diabetes. 19:42 developing diabetes. 19:42 developing diabetes. So, this is again a 19:43 So, this is again a 19:43 So, this is again a very predictive 19:44 very predictive 19:44 very predictive indicator. And this is what 19:46 indicator. And this is what 19:46 indicator. And this is what we should 19:47 we should 19:47 we should pay attention to in our 30s and 40s 19:49 pay attention to in our 30s and 40s 19:49 pay attention to in our 30s and 40s . You know, in an 19:50 . You know, in an 19:50 . You know, in an ideal world, we would 19:52 ideal world, we would 19:52 ideal world, we would do what's called 19:53 do what's called 19:53 do what's called continuous 19:54 continuous 19:54 continuous glucose monitoring in 19:55 glucose monitoring in 19:55 glucose monitoring in these individuals as soon as 19:56 these individuals as soon as 19:56 these individuals as soon as their fasting 19:57 their fasting 19:57 their fasting insulin levels rise 19:58 insulin levels rise 19:58 insulin levels rise . Uh, and what does that 20:00 . Uh, and what does that 20:00 . Uh, and what does that mean? This means 20:02 mean? This means 20:02 mean? This means that you, you know, carry 20:03 that you, you know, carry 20:03 that you, you know, carry one of these 20:04 one of these 20:04 one of these devices on your shoulder. 20:05 devices on your shoulder. 20:05 devices on your shoulder. I'm not wearing it now, 20:06 I'm not wearing it now, 20:06 I'm not wearing it now, but I was wearing it a week ago. 20:07 but I was wearing it a week ago. 20:10 I don't do this 20:10 I don't do this all the time, but 20:12 all the time, but 20:13 I check 20:13 I check my 20:14 my 20:14 my blood sugar levels every few months 20:16 blood sugar levels every few months 20:16 blood sugar levels every few months to make sure 20:17 to make sure 20:17 to make sure I'm making the right 20:18 I'm making the right 20:18 I'm making the right dietary choices 20:19 dietary choices 20:19 dietary choices to keep my sugar levels in 20:20 to keep my sugar levels in 20:20 to keep my sugar levels in check, which is 20:21 check, which is 20:21 check, which is good for my 20:22 good for my 20:22 good for my metabolism and my brain. 20:23 metabolism and my brain. 20:26 I can't 20:26 I can't afford not to 20:27 afford not to 20:27 afford not to do this. My father 20:28 do this. My father 20:28 do this. My father died of 20:29 died of 20:29 died of Alzheimer's disease, so 20:30 Alzheimer's disease, so 20:30 Alzheimer's disease, so I need to 20:31 I need to 20:31 I need to step up my 20:32 step up my 20:32 step up my interventions, change my 20:33 interventions, change my 20:33 interventions, change my lifestyle. 20:34 lifestyle. 20:37 Hi, this is Margie. As 20:37 Hi, this is Margie. As a physical therapist, I 20:38 a physical therapist, I 20:40 know firsthand how 20:40 know firsthand how important exercise is for 20:41 important exercise is for 20:41 important exercise is for our bones, 20:42 our bones, 20:42 our bones, overall health, 20:43 overall health, 20:43 overall health, and happiness. Unfortunately, 20:45 and happiness. Unfortunately, 20:45 and happiness. Unfortunately, there is a lot of 20:46 there is a lot of 20:46 there is a lot of confusion about 20:47 confusion about 20:47 confusion about what exercises are 20:48 what exercises are 20:48 what exercises are safe and 20:49 safe and 20:49 safe and effective for 20:50 effective for 20:50 effective for people with osteoporosis. 20:51 people with osteoporosis. 20:54 That's why I created 20:54 That's why I created this guide, which 20:55 this guide, which 20:55 this guide, which includes a 30-minute 20:56 includes a 30-minute 20:56 includes a 30-minute video where I explain 20:57 video where I explain 20:57 video where I explain the concepts so you 20:58 the concepts so you 20:59 the concepts so you understand what to 21:00 understand what to 21:00 understand what to do and what to 21:01 do and what to 21:01 do and what to avoid during your 21:02 avoid during your 21:02 avoid during your workouts. This is important 21:05 workouts. This is important because this way you can 21:07 because this way you can 21:07 because this way you can come to any 21:08 come to any 21:08 come to any class knowing what 21:09 class knowing what 21:09 class knowing what you should do and 21:10 you should do and 21:10 you should do and what to avoid, because 21:11 what to avoid, because 21:11 what to avoid, because too many people 21:12 too many people 21:12 too many people do exercises that 21:13 do exercises that 21:13 do exercises that actually increase the 21:14 actually increase the 21:14 actually increase the risk of 21:15 risk of 21:15 risk of spinal fractures. I've also 21:19 spinal fractures. I've also 21:19 spinal fractures. I've also included a video 21:20 included a video 21:20 included a video demonstrating effective 21:21 demonstrating effective 21:21 demonstrating effective balance, 21:22 balance, 21:22 balance, posture, and resistance exercises 21:23 posture, and resistance exercises 21:23 posture, and resistance exercises that you 21:24 that you 21:24 that you can incorporate into 21:25 can incorporate into 21:26 can incorporate into your routine 21:27 your routine 21:27 your routine today. So, 21:28 today. So, 21:28 today. So, all you have to 21:30 all you have to 21:30 all you have to do to get 21:31 do to get 21:31 do to get this free 21:33 this free 21:33 this free guide is go 21:34 guide is go 21:34 guide is go to tinyurl.com/steoporosis exercises. 21:39 to tinyurl.com/steoporosis exercises. 21:39 to tinyurl.com/steoporosis exercises. So this is t i nyurl.com 21:43 So this is t i nyurl.com 21:46 exercises again or you can 21:46 exercises again or you can click the link 21:47 click the link 21:47 click the link in the description to the release. 21:48 in the description to the release. 21:49 in the description to the release. Back to the show. 21:50 Back to the show. 21:53 You know, it's so interesting 21:53 You know, it's so interesting because I do it too. You 21:55 because I do it too. You 21:55 because I do it too. You know, all of a sudden my 21:56 know, all of a sudden my 21:56 know, all of a sudden my blood sugar 21:57 blood sugar 21:57 blood sugar was like on the verge of 21:58 was like on the verge of 21:58 was like on the verge of prediabetes, at 21:59 prediabetes, at 21:59 prediabetes, at its lowest 22:00 its lowest 22:00 its lowest level, and I thought, oh 22:01 level, and I thought, oh 22:01 level, and I thought, oh my God, what am I doing? And I 22:02 my God, what am I doing? And I 22:02 my God, what am I doing? And I saw that, you know, 22:03 saw that, you know, 22:03 saw that, you know, every person is different. 22:04 every person is different. 22:04 every person is different. What? What product is 22:06 What? What product is 22:06 What? What product is their "kryptonite" 22:07 their "kryptonite" 22:07 their "kryptonite" that makes their sugar levels 22:07 that makes their sugar levels 22:07 that makes their sugar levels rise? Or for 22:08 rise? Or for 22:08 rise? Or for me it was just 22:09 me it was just 22:09 me it was just eating too much 22:10 eating too much 22:10 eating too much fruit, but who would have 22:11 fruit, but who would have 22:11 fruit, but who would have thought? It was 22:12 thought? It was 22:12 thought? It was incredibly helpful and 22:13 incredibly helpful and 22:13 incredibly helpful and I was able to achieve 22:14 I was able to achieve 22:14 I was able to achieve such significant changes 22:15 such significant changes 22:15 such significant changes because of it. But in 22:16 because of it. But in 22:16 because of it. But in this community of people 22:18 this community of people 22:18 this community of people who care about 22:20 who care about 22:20 who care about bone health, 22:21 bone health, 22:21 bone health, they found that 22:22 they found that anyone with prediabetes, 22:24 anyone with prediabetes, 22:24 anyone with prediabetes, you know, with an A1C 22:25 you know, with an A1C 22:26 you know, with an A1C above 5.7, has a 22:27 above 5.7, has a 22:29 24% increased risk of fracture. So this is a 22:29 24% increased risk of fracture. So this is a huge problem; 22:30 huge problem; 22:30 huge problem; it has such a 22:31 it has such a 22:31 it has such a huge impact on 22:33 huge impact on 22:33 huge impact on bone health as it does 22:34 bone health as it does 22:34 bone health as it does on everything else. And, as you 22:35 on everything else. And, as you 22:35 on everything else. And, as you said, most 22:36 said, most 22:36 said, most people don't even 22:37 people don't even 22:37 people don't even realize it 22:38 realize it 22:38 realize it because they go to 22:39 because they go to 22:39 because they go to the doctor and they don't 22:40 the doctor and they don't 22:43 tell them anything until they're at diabetic levels. 22:43 tell them anything until they're at diabetic levels. Therefore. 22:44 Therefore. 22:46 Yes, and I think 22:46 Yes, and I think the term "prediabetes" 22:47 the term "prediabetes" 22:47 the term "prediabetes" only hurts people 22:49 only hurts people 22:49 only hurts people because it means, "well, 22:50 because it means, "well, 22:50 because it means, "well, I don't have diabetes, 22:51 I don't have diabetes, 22:51 I don't have diabetes, right?" I am not diabetic. 22:54 right?" I am not diabetic. 22:54 right?" I am not diabetic. I have prediabetes, but 22:55 I have prediabetes, but 22:55 I have prediabetes, but they should 22:56 they should 22:56 they should say "I don't have 22:57 say "I don't have 22:57 say "I don't have diabetes" with a big 22:58 diabetes" with a big 22:58 diabetes" with a big sign behind my back: 23:00 sign behind my back: 23:00 sign behind my back: "for now." And, you know, 23:01 "for now." And, you know, 23:01 "for now." And, you know, prediabetes is 23:02 prediabetes is 23:02 prediabetes is serious. Osteopenia 23:04 serious. Osteopenia is serious. You are already 23:06 is serious. You are already 23:06 is serious. You are already on this path. You are on your 23:08 on this path. You are on your 23:08 on this path. You are on your way to real 23:09 way to real 23:09 way to real problems. This is an analog 23:11 problems. This is an analog 23:12 problems. This is an analog scale. There are 23:13 scale. There are 23:13 scale. There are very few things in medicine that are 23:15 very few things in medicine that are 23:15 very few things in medicine that are binary. 23:15 binary. 23:16 binary. Pregnancy: You are either 23:17 Pregnancy: You are either 23:17 Pregnancy: You are either pregnant or you are not. You are 23:19 pregnant or you are not. You are 23:19 pregnant or you are not. You are either dead or alive. 23:20 either dead or alive. 23:23 But, you know, in the case 23:23 But, you know, in the case of metabolism—it's a 23:24 of metabolism—it's a 23:24 of metabolism—it's a spectrum, a scale that 23:26 spectrum, a scale that 23:26 spectrum, a scale that we have to pay 23:27 we have to pay 23:27 we have to pay attention to. This whole thought: " 23:29 attention to. This whole thought: " well, my 23:30 well, my 23:31 well, my blood sugar is within normal limits." 23:32 blood sugar is within normal limits." 23:32 blood sugar is within normal limits." This is not enough. 23:33 This is not enough. 23:33 This is not enough. Everyone I talk to 23:34 Everyone I talk to wants to optimize 23:35 wants to optimize 23:35 wants to optimize their health. You 23:36 their health. You 23:36 their health. You want to have 23:37 want to have 23:37 want to have optimal performance 23:38 optimal performance . You want to have the 23:39 . You want to have the 23:39 . You want to have the best health. You 23:40 best health. You 23:40 best health. You want to do everything you 23:41 want to do everything you 23:41 want to do everything you can to be 23:42 can to be 23:42 can to be resilient to 23:43 resilient to 23:43 resilient to brain function decline or 23:43 brain function decline or 23:46 bone density loss. So you really 23:46 bone density loss. So you really want the best; 23:47 want the best; 23:47 want the best; You know, the "normal 23:48 You know, the "normal 23:48 You know, the "normal range" is the 23:49 range" is the 23:49 range" is the average 23:50 average 23:50 average when you take a thousand 23:51 when you take a thousand 23:51 when you take a thousand people, subtract 23:52 people, subtract 23:52 people, subtract two standard 23:53 two standard 23:53 two standard deviations, and say, 23:54 deviations, and say, 23:54 deviations, and say, "This is the norm, and we're going 23:55 "This is the norm, and we're going 23:55 "This is the norm, and we're going to publish it." This is not something that 23:57 to publish it." This is not something that 23:57 to publish it." This is not something that is ideal. 23:58 is ideal. 23:58 is ideal. So the idea that a 23:59 So the idea that a 23:59 So the idea that a blood sugar level of 103 is " 24:00 blood sugar level of 103 is " well, you're just a little out of the 24:01 well, you're just a little out of the 24:02 well, you're just a little out of the norm 24:03 norm ." "So there's nothing to 24:04 ." "So there's nothing to 24:04 ." "So there's nothing to worry about." No, this is 24:05 worry about." No, this is 24:05 worry about." No, this is not the level 24:06 not the level 24:06 not the level you need. You 24:07 you need. You 24:07 you need. You need a 24:08 need a 24:08 need a fasting blood sugar level 24:09 fasting blood sugar level 24:09 fasting blood sugar level around 90 or even 24:10 around 90 or even 24:10 around 90 or even in the 80s with something. And 24:11 in the 80s with something. And 24:11 in the 80s with something. And how do you know that? 24:12 how do you know that? 24:12 how do you know that? You need to 24:13 You need to 24:13 You need to get checked more often 24:14 get checked more often . And you can 24:15 . And you can 24:15 . And you can predict this 24:16 predict this 24:16 predict this based on your 24:16 based on your 24:16 based on your fasting insulin levels. 24:17 fasting insulin levels. 24:18 fasting insulin levels. And be sure, as you 24:19 And be sure, as you 24:19 And be sure, as you just mentioned, 24:20 just mentioned, 24:20 just mentioned, to check your 24:21 to check your 24:21 to check your glycated 24:23 glycated 24:23 glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level, 24:24 hemoglobin (A1C) level, 24:24 hemoglobin (A1C) level, because the risk of 24:25 because the risk of 24:28 brain function impairment does not begin 24:28 brain function impairment does not begin at 7, but at 24:29 at 7, but at 24:29 at 7, but at 5.6–5.8. That's when 24:32 5.6–5.8. That's when 24:32 5.6–5.8. That's when the changes that 24:33 the changes that 24:33 the changes that set the stage for a 24:35 set the stage for a 24:35 set the stage for a diagnosis of 24:36 diagnosis of 24:36 diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease begin. By the way, 24:37 Alzheimer's disease begin. By the way, 24:37 Alzheimer's disease begin. By the way, this is a proven fact 24:39 this is a proven fact 24:39 this is a proven fact published in the 24:40 published in the 24:43 New England Journal of Medicine. So 24:43 New England Journal of Medicine. So you know, that approval 24:44 you know, that approval 24:44 you know, that approval from the doctor when he 24:45 from the doctor when he 24:45 from the doctor when he says, "Well, you're not in the 24:46 says, "Well, you're not in the 24:46 says, "Well, you're not in the diabetic zone," 24:47 diabetic zone," all of your viewers 24:48 all of your viewers 24:48 all of your viewers today, on the day 24:49 today, on the day 24:49 today, on the day this new book comes out 24:51 this new book comes out 24:51 this new book comes out , should 24:51 , should 24:51 , should understand that we 24:52 understand that we 24:52 understand that we can do better. 24:53 can do better. 24:53 can do better. This is very important. And I 24:55 This is very important. And I 24:55 This is very important. And I keep seeing the same thing 24:56 keep seeing the same thing 24:56 keep seeing the same thing : everyone takes a 24:57 : everyone takes a 24:59 fasting glucose test. But it 24:59 fasting glucose test. But it depends on 25:00 depends on 25:00 depends on what day it is, 25:01 what day it is, 25:01 what day it is, what you ate last 25:02 what you ate last 25:02 what you ate last night, and 25:03 night, and 25:03 night, and many other things. 25:04 many other things. 25:04 many other things. Many people get an 25:05 Many people get an 25:05 Many people get an A1C test, but 25:06 A1C test, but 25:06 A1C test, but most doctors don't 25:07 most doctors don't 25:07 most doctors don't order a 25:08 order a 25:09 order a fasting insulin test. I 25:11 fasting insulin test. I 25:11 fasting insulin test. I often saw cases 25:13 often saw cases 25:13 often saw cases where A1C and 25:14 where A1C and 25:14 where A1C and fasting glucose were, as they say, 25:16 fasting glucose were, as they say, 25:16 fasting glucose were, as they say, within the “normal range,” 25:17 within the “normal range,” 25:17 within the “normal range,” but it was the fasting insulin that 25:18 but it was the fasting insulin that 25:18 but it was the fasting insulin that was very 25:19 was very 25:19 was very telling and important. 25:20 telling and important. 25:23 So, as you said, this is the 25:23 So, as you said, this is the analysis that we 25:24 analysis that we 25:24 analysis that we all should 25:25 all should 25:25 all should definitely do, 25:26 definitely do, 25:26 definitely do, because 25:26 because 25:26 because Yes. And you know, if you 25:28 Yes. And you know, if you 25:28 Yes. And you know, if you see those 25:29 see those 25:29 see those TV commercials for 25:30 TV commercials for 25:30 TV commercials for diabetes drugs, with 25:31 diabetes drugs, with 25:31 diabetes drugs, with all due respect, they 25:32 all due respect, they 25:32 all due respect, they often show 25:33 often show 25:33 often show people who are very 25:34 people who are very 25:34 people who are very overweight and are 25:36 overweight and are 25:36 overweight and are happy because they've lowered their A1C 25:37 happy because they've lowered their A1C 25:37 happy because they've lowered their A1C below 7. Oh my God. If 25:39 below 7. Oh my God. If 25:40 below 7. Oh my God. If your A1C is 6.5, 25:43 your A1C is 6.5, 25:43 your A1C is 6.5, you have a problem. You have 25:44 you have a problem. You have 25:44 you have a problem. You have problems in terms of 25:45 problems in terms of 25:45 problems in terms of brain health. Therefore, 25:46 brain health. Therefore, 25:46 brain health. Therefore, lowering A1C below 25:48 lowering A1C below 25:48 lowering A1C below seven with 25:49 seven with 25:49 seven with any 25:49 any 25:50 any advertised medication 25:51 advertised medication is pointless. It doesn't 25:53 is pointless. It doesn't 25:54 is pointless. It doesn't make you healthy. 25:55 make you healthy. 25:56 make you healthy. We must act 25:57 We must act 25:57 We must act much more decisively. This 25:58 much more decisively. This 25:58 much more decisively. This weight needs 25:59 weight needs 25:59 weight needs to be lost. If a person 26:00 to be lost. If a person 26:00 to be lost. If a person needs more aggressive 26:02 needs more aggressive 26:02 needs more aggressive medication, so be it. 26:03 medication, so be it. 26:03 medication, so be it. But I think we all 26:04 But I think we all 26:04 But I think we all understand that 26:05 understand that 26:05 understand that lifestyle changes can 26:07 lifestyle changes can 26:07 lifestyle changes can lead to 26:07 lead to 26:07 lead to significant weight loss. 26:08 significant weight loss. 26:09 significant weight loss. And when this 26:09 And when this 26:09 And when this happens, 26:10 happens, 26:10 happens, blood sugar levels 26:11 blood sugar levels 26:11 blood sugar levels drop. The 26:12 drop. The 26:12 drop. The ketogenic diet 26:13 ketogenic diet 26:13 ketogenic diet helps significantly 26:14 helps significantly 26:14 helps significantly lower blood sugar levels 26:16 lower blood sugar levels 26:16 lower blood sugar levels and can be 26:17 and can be 26:17 and can be used 26:18 used 26:18 used in conjunction with medication under a 26:19 in conjunction with medication under a 26:19 in conjunction with medication under a doctor's supervision, 26:20 doctor's supervision, 26:20 doctor's supervision, often allowing 26:21 often allowing 26:21 often allowing even patients with 26:22 even patients with 26:22 even patients with type 2 diabetes 26:23 type 2 diabetes 26:23 type 2 diabetes to go off 26:24 to go off 26:24 to go off medication. These are the 26:26 medication. These are the 26:26 medication. These are the results of a 26:27 results of a 26:27 results of a study 26:27 study 26:27 study published by 26:28 published by 26:28 published by Dr. Sarah 26:29 Dr. Sarah 26:29 Dr. Sarah Halberg. So you know, 26:30 Halberg. So you know, 26:30 Halberg. So you know, the messages on 26:31 the messages on 26:31 the messages on the evening news or in 26:33 the evening news or in 26:33 the evening news or in advertising are not going to be, 26:34 advertising are not going to be, 26:34 advertising are not going to be, "Hey, change your 26:35 "Hey, change your 26:35 "Hey, change your diet, change your 26:36 diet, change your 26:36 diet, change your lifestyle, and your 26:38 lifestyle, and your 26:38 lifestyle, and your blood sugar will normalize 26:39 blood sugar will normalize ." How are they going to 26:40 ." How are they going to 26:40 ." How are they going to sell such advertising? 26:41 sell such advertising? 26:41 sell such advertising? This isn't patent 26:42 This isn't patent 26:42 This isn't patent property, right? 26:43 property, right? 26:43 property, right? But, you know, we're 26:44 But, you know, we're 26:44 But, you know, we're convinced, "Oh, I'm 26:45 convinced, "Oh, I'm 26:45 convinced, "Oh, I'm taking this medicine, I'm 26:46 taking this medicine, I'm 26:46 taking this medicine, I'm taking that medicine, and 26:48 taking that medicine, and 26:48 taking that medicine, and now I'm doing everything 26:49 now I'm doing everything 26:49 now I'm doing everything right." And then, 26:50 right." And then, 26:50 right." And then, you know, at the end of 26:51 you know, at the end of 26:51 you know, at the end of the commercial, this person is already 26:52 the commercial, this person is already 26:52 the commercial, this person is already playing with his grandchildren, and 26:54 playing with his grandchildren, and 26:54 playing with his grandchildren, and everything is just wonderful. We 26:55 everything is just wonderful. We 26:55 everything is just wonderful. We need to do a better 26:56 need to do a better 26:56 need to do a better job with our 26:57 job with our 26:57 job with our messaging. 26:58 messaging. 26:58 messaging. This is so true. This is not 26:59 This is so true. This is not 26:59 This is so true. This is not just a pill for 27:00 just a pill for 27:00 just a pill for all ills. This, 27:01 all ills. This, 27:01 all ills. This, you know, is much 27:02 you know, is much 27:02 you know, is much deeper than it seems. 27:04 deeper than it seems. 27:04 deeper than it seems. And when you address 27:05 And when you address 27:05 And when you address all these root causes 27:06 all these root causes 27:06 all these root causes and make lifestyle changes 27:07 and make lifestyle changes 27:07 and make lifestyle changes , everything gets 27:08 , everything gets 27:08 , everything gets better. Every 27:09 better. Every 27:09 better. Every part of your 27:10 part of your 27:10 part of your life. And that's what I 27:12 life. And that's what I 27:12 life. And that's what I think, as you said, is 27:13 think, as you said, is 27:13 think, as you said, is so inspiring about this 27:14 so inspiring about this 27:14 so inspiring about this method and this way of 27:15 method and this way of 27:16 method and this way of looking at things. 27:17 looking at things. 27:19 Because you 27:19 Because you are in control of the situation yourself 27:20 are in control of the situation yourself 27:20 are in control of the situation yourself with the knowledge and 27:21 with the knowledge and 27:21 with the knowledge and tools that you 27:23 tools that you 27:23 tools that you give in the book, people 27:24 give in the book, people 27:24 give in the book, people can really 27:25 can really 27:25 can really make a difference in an 27:26 make a difference in an 27:26 make a difference in an area where, I 27:27 area where, I 27:27 area where, I tell you, most 27:28 tell you, most 27:28 tell you, most people say, "Oh, that's 27:29 people say, "Oh, that's 27:29 people say, "Oh, that's ridiculous." This is what the 27:31 ridiculous." This is what the 27:31 ridiculous." This is what the average 27:32 average 27:32 average person, even 27:33 person, even 27:33 person, even an educated one, will say: when you 27:34 an educated one, will say: when you 27:34 an educated one, will say: when you say, "You know, there are 27:35 say, "You know, there are 27:35 say, "You know, there are things you can 27:36 things you can 27:36 things you can do to avoid ending up like 27:37 do to avoid ending up like 27:39 your mother or grandmother," many 27:41 will look at you with 27:41 will look at you with disbelief. But you 27:43 disbelief. But you 27:43 disbelief. But you want to share 27:44 want to share 27:44 want to share this because you've been in this 27:46 this because you've been in this 27:46 this because you've been in this field for so long and you 27:47 field for so long and you 27:47 field for so long and you know there's a lot of 27:48 know there's a lot of 27:48 know there's a lot of hope and research. 27:49 hope and research. 27:50 hope and research. This is so true. And 27:51 This is so true. And 27:51 This is so true. And again, thank 27:53 again, thank 27:53 again, thank you for allowing 27:54 you for allowing 27:54 you for allowing me to be on the podcast so that 27:55 me to be on the podcast so that I can bring the message to 27:56 I can bring the message to 27:56 I can bring the message to each of your 27:57 each of your 27:57 each of your viewers 27:59 viewers that the fate of your brain 28:00 that the fate of your brain is in your hands. It 28:02 is in your hands. It 28:02 is in your hands. It depends on the choices 28:03 depends on the choices 28:03 depends on the choices you make every day. They 28:05 you make every day. They 28:08 won't give you this as 28:08 won't give you this as medicine. There are no 28:11 medicine. There are no 28:11 medicine. There are no 28:13 intravenous or 28:13 intravenous or oral 28:13 oral 28:13 oral medications that can 28:14 medications that can 28:14 medications that can slow the 28:15 slow the 28:15 slow the progression of 28:16 progression of 28:16 progression of Alzheimer's disease 28:17 Alzheimer's disease 28:17 Alzheimer's disease once it is 28:18 once it is 28:18 once it is diagnosed. So, 28:20 diagnosed. So, 28:20 diagnosed. So, again, it all comes down 28:21 again, it all comes down 28:21 again, it all comes down to 28:22 to 28:22 to prevention. And that's been 28:24 prevention. And that's been 28:26 my life's work for the 28:26 my life's work for the last 40 years: 28:28 last 40 years: giving people these 28:29 giving people these 28:29 giving people these tools to 28:30 tools to 28:30 tools to keep their brains 28:31 keep their brains 28:31 keep their brains intact. So, where 28:33 intact. So, where 28:33 intact. So, where would you recommend that those 28:34 would you recommend that those 28:34 would you recommend that those listening to us start?
How to protect your brain as you age 28:35 listening to us start? 28:35 listening to us start? Which of them are the 28:36 Which of them are the 28:36 Which of them are the most important? If 28:37 most important? If 28:37 most important? If you had to name 28:38 you had to name 28:38 you had to name a few of the most important 28:39 a few of the most important 28:39 a few of the most important issues to 28:40 issues to 28:40 issues to start with, what would they be 28:41 start with, what would they be ? 28:41 ? 28:42 ? I love this 28:42 I love this 28:42 I love this question because I have a 28:43 question because I have a 28:43 question because I have a favorite answer 28:45 favorite answer 28:45 favorite answer that I've formulated over the 28:46 that I've formulated over the 28:46 that I've formulated over the past few months: I'm 28:47 past few months: I'm 28:47 past few months: I'm often asked, what is the 28:48 often asked, what is the 28:48 often asked, what is the most important thing? Is this 28:49 most important thing? Is this 28:49 most important thing? Is this exercise? Is it 28:51 exercise? Is it 28:51 exercise? Is it proper nutrition 28:52 proper nutrition , sleep, communication, 28:53 , sleep, communication, 28:53 , sleep, communication, walks in 28:54 walks in 28:54 walks in nature or limiting 28:55 nature or limiting 28:55 nature or limiting stress? What is the 28:56 stress? What is the 28:56 stress? What is the most important thing I 28:57 most important thing I 28:57 most important thing I can advise you to 28:58 can advise you to 28:58 can advise you to do right now? 28:59 do right now? 29:00 do right now? Here it is. Accept 29:03 Here it is. Accept 29:03 Here it is. Accept the fact that you 29:04 the fact that you 29:04 the fact that you control the destiny of your 29:05 control the destiny of your 29:05 control the destiny of your brain. This is the 29:07 brain. This is the 29:07 brain. This is the most important step 29:09 most important step 29:09 most important step we can 29:10 we can 29:10 we can take today. This is the 29:11 take today. This is the 29:11 take today. This is the most important thing you 29:12 most important thing you 29:12 most important thing you can learn in 29:13 can learn in 29:14 can learn in the context of 29:15 the context of 29:15 the context of risk reduction that we are 29:16 risk reduction that we are 29:16 risk reduction that we are talking about. After that, 29:18 talking about. After that, 29:18 talking about. After that, we can fill in 29:19 we can fill in 29:19 we can fill in the gaps: exercise is 29:21 the gaps: exercise is 29:21 the gaps: exercise is 29:22 fundamentally 29:22 fundamentally important. Nutrition is 29:23 important. Nutrition is 29:23 important. Nutrition is fundamentally 29:24 fundamentally 29:24 fundamentally important. Sleep is 29:25 important. Sleep is 29:25 important. Sleep is fundamentally 29:26 fundamentally 29:26 fundamentally important. These are critically 29:27 important. These are critically 29:27 important. These are critically important pillars that 29:28 important pillars that 29:28 important pillars that make up a 29:29 make up a 29:32 brain health program. 29:32 brain health program. Heart health, 29:33 Heart health, 29:33 Heart health, bone health, 29:35 bone health, 29:35 bone health, cancer resistance, 29:36 cancer resistance, 29:36 cancer resistance, diabetes resistance program. All these 29:40 diabetes resistance program. All these 29:40 diabetes resistance program. All these questions depend on 29:41 questions depend on 29:41 questions depend on our choices, which 29:43 our choices, which 29:43 our choices, which have a huge impact. In 29:44 have a huge impact. In 29:47 other words, we 29:47 other words, we choose what to eat. No 29:48 choose what to eat. No 29:48 choose what to eat. No one is 29:49 one is 29:49 one is force-feeding us. We choose the 29:51 force-feeding us. We choose the 29:51 force-feeding us. We choose the time when we finish our 29:52 time when we finish our 29:52 time when we finish our coffee, which means 29:54 coffee, which means 29:54 coffee, which means the duration and quality of 29:55 the duration and quality of 29:55 the duration and quality of our sleep. And we 29:57 our sleep. And we 29:57 our sleep. And we choose whether or not to put on 29:59 choose whether or not to put on 29:59 choose whether or not to put on sneakers every day 30:00 sneakers every day 30:00 sneakers every day and get some 30:01 and get some 30:01 and get some exercise. Lifestyle choices 30:02 exercise. Lifestyle choices 30:05 determine the fate of your 30:05 determine the fate of your brain. We ourselves are 30:06 brain. We ourselves are 30:06 brain. We ourselves are the architects of what 30:07 the architects of what 30:07 the architects of what will happen. And you know, 30:08 will happen. And you know, 30:08 will happen. And you know, this is a difficult 30:09 this is a difficult 30:09 this is a difficult message for 30:11 message for 30:11 message for people in their 30s and 40s. But 30:12 people in their 30s and 40s. But 30:12 people in their 30s and 40s. But I can promise 30:13 I can promise 30:13 I can promise each of you that you wo 30:15 each of you that you wo 30:15 each of you that you wo n't even 30:16 n't even 30:16 n't even blink an eye until you're 30:17 blink an eye until you're 30:17 blink an eye until you're 60 or older. It 30:20 60 or older. It 30:20 60 or older. It happens so 30:21 happens so 30:21 happens so quickly, and you will be 30:22 quickly, and you will be 30:22 quickly, and you will be grateful or ungrateful 30:23 grateful or ungrateful 30:23 grateful or ungrateful for your choices, because these 30:25 for your choices, because these 30:25 for your choices, because these things don't affect 30:26 things don't affect 30:26 things don't affect you day after day. They 30:29 you day after day. They 30:29 you day after day. They accumulate over the years 30:30 accumulate over the years . So you will 30:32 . So you will 30:32 . So you will thank God, those of 30:33 thank God, those of 30:33 thank God, those of you who are younger and 30:34 you who are younger and 30:34 you who are younger and hearing us today, that you have 30:36 hearing us today, that you have 30:36 hearing us today, that you have started making 30:37 started making 30:37 started making these changes now. 30:38 these changes now. 30:38 these changes now. Yes, I couldn't 30:39 Yes, I couldn't 30:39 Yes, I couldn't agree more. You 30:40 agree more. You 30:40 agree more. You really snap your 30:42 really snap your 30:42 really snap your fingers and suddenly 30:43 fingers and suddenly 30:43 fingers and suddenly you're in your 70s, but this... 30:44 you're in your 70s, but this... 30:44 you're in your 70s, but this... Oh, if only I could snap my 30:46 Oh, if only I could snap my 30:46 Oh, if only I could snap my fingers and be 30:47 fingers and be 30:47 fingers and be in my 50s. That would be 30:48 in my 50s. That would be 30:48 in my 50s. That would be cool. 30:49 cool. 30:49 cool. Well, you are a good 30:50 Well, you are a good 30:52 role model because 30:52 role model because you are very active and 30:53 you are very active and 30:53 you are very active and lead an amazing 30:54 lead an amazing 30:54 lead an amazing life. So I think, 30:55 life. So I think, 30:55 life. So I think, yeah, that's what I see in 30:57 yeah, that's what I see in 30:57 yeah, that's what I see in people, and it's never too 30:58 people, and it's never too 30:58 people, and it's never too late, people 30:59 late, people 30:59 late, people listening to us, it's never too 31:00 listening to us, it's never too 31:00 listening to us, it's never too late, wherever you are, 31:02 late, wherever you are, 31:02 late, wherever you are, start now. Do you 31:04 start now. Do you 31:04 start now. Do you agree with this? 31:05 agree with this? 31:06 agree with this? Absolutely agree, and I 31:07 Absolutely agree, and I 31:07 Absolutely agree, and I think if you look 31:08 think if you look 31:08 think if you look at real 31:09 at real 31:09 at real intervention 31:10 intervention 31:10 intervention studies, like the 31:11 studies, like the 31:11 studies, like the recently 31:11 recently 31:11 recently published work by 31:13 published work by 31:13 published work by Dr. Rudolf 31:14 Dr. Rudolf 31:14 Dr. Rudolf Tanzi at Harvard. It 31:17 Tanzi at Harvard. It 31:17 Tanzi at Harvard. It was clearly 31:17 was clearly 31:17 was clearly demonstrated there that 31:18 demonstrated there that 31:18 demonstrated there that for 31:19 for 31:19 for Alzheimer's patients, 31:20 Alzheimer's patients, 31:20 Alzheimer's patients, lifestyle changes and 31:21 lifestyle changes and 31:21 lifestyle changes and interventions can 31:22 interventions can 31:22 interventions can and do have a 31:23 and do have a 31:23 and do have a significant impact on the 31:24 significant impact on the 31:24 significant impact on the rate of cognitive 31:26 rate of cognitive 31:26 rate of cognitive decline. So rest 31:28 decline. So rest 31:28 decline. So rest assured, it's not too late. I 31:29 assured, it's not too late. I 31:29 assured, it's not too late. I mean, here are people 31:30 mean, here are people who have been 31:31 who have been 31:31 who have been fully diagnosed. 31:32 fully diagnosed. 31:32 fully diagnosed. Yeah, it's so exciting to me 31:33 Yeah, it's so exciting to me 31:33 Yeah, it's so exciting to me , and people 31:34 , and people 31:34 , and people really don't 31:35 really don't 31:35 really don't know that. So, what 31:36 know that. So, what 31:36 know that. So, what basic tests
Lab tests for proactive brain health 31:37 basic tests 31:37 basic tests should a person have? Are 31:38 should a person have? Are 31:38 should a person have? Are there any key 31:39 there any key 31:39 there any key tests or 31:40 tests or 31:40 tests or examinations that 31:41 examinations that anyone should undergo 31:42 anyone should undergo 31:42 anyone should undergo to make sure there are 31:43 to make sure there are 31:43 to make sure there are no problems to 31:44 no problems to 31:46 deal with and to be 31:46 deal with and to be proactive? 31:47 proactive? 31:47 proactive? Absolutely, and I think 31:48 Absolutely, and I think 31:48 Absolutely, and I think we've already discussed them. Oddly enough 31:50 we've already discussed them. Oddly enough 31:50 we've already discussed them. Oddly enough , people 31:51 , people 31:51 , people ask, "Oh, what kind of 31:52 ask, "Oh, what kind of 31:54 brain lab tests 31:54 brain lab tests should I do 31:55 should I do 31:55 should I do to find out if I'm at 31:56 to find out if I'm at 31:56 to find out if I'm at risk?" You know 31:57 risk?" You know , there are some of them that are quite 31:59 , there are some of them that are quite 31:59 , there are some of them that are quite specific to 32:00 specific to 32:00 specific to Alzheimer's disease. 32:01 Alzheimer's disease. 32:01 Alzheimer's disease. We'll talk about them in a 32:03 We'll talk about them in a 32:03 We'll talk about them in a moment. But I want 32:05 moment. But I want 32:05 moment. But I want to say that fasting 32:06 to say that fasting 32:06 to say that fasting blood sugar and insulin levels 32:07 blood sugar and insulin levels 32:07 blood sugar and insulin levels , as well as 32:08 , as well as 32:08 , as well as glycated 32:09 glycated 32:09 glycated hemoglobin—this is 32:10 hemoglobin—this is 32:10 hemoglobin—this is extremely important 32:11 extremely important 32:11 extremely important for understanding your 32:12 for understanding your 32:12 for understanding your risk. Another very, 32:17 risk. Another very, 32:17 risk. Another very, very sophisticated 32:18 very sophisticated 32:18 very sophisticated medical device 32:19 medical device 32:19 medical device that you can 32:20 that you can 32:20 that you can get your hands on is a 32:21 get your hands on is a 32:21 get your hands on is a regular measuring 32:22 regular measuring 32:22 regular measuring tape that you can use 32:23 tape that you can use 32:23 tape that you can use to measure your 32:24 to measure your 32:24 to measure your stomach and waist circumference to 32:25 stomach and waist circumference to 32:25 stomach and waist circumference to determine your 32:26 determine your 32:26 determine your waist- 32:27 waist- 32:27 waist- to-hip ratio. And you know, an 32:30 to-hip ratio. And you know, an 32:30 to-hip ratio. And you know, an increased 32:30 increased 32:30 increased waist- 32:31 waist- 32:32 waist- to-hip ratio is a significant 32:33 to-hip ratio is a significant 32:33 to-hip ratio is a significant risk factor for 32:34 risk factor for 32:34 risk factor for developing 32:35 developing 32:35 developing Alzheimer's disease. So I 32:36 Alzheimer's disease. So I 32:37 Alzheimer's disease. So I want to say that we're 32:38 want to say that we're 32:38 want to say that we're not talking about anything 32:39 not talking about anything 32:39 not talking about anything too complicated. And most 32:41 too complicated. And most 32:41 too complicated. And most likely, these are 32:42 likely, these are 32:42 likely, these are tests, at least 32:43 tests, at least 32:43 tests, at least some of them, that people 32:44 some of them, that people 32:44 some of them, that people already have. Another one 32:46 already have. Another one 32:46 already have. Another one that I would add to this 32:47 that I would add to this 32:47 that I would add to this list, and which is worth 32:48 list, and which is worth 32:48 list, and which is worth getting even for young 32:49 getting even for young 32:49 getting even for young people, is 32:50 people, is 32:50 people, is homocysteine. H-O-M-O- 32:52 homocysteine. H-O-M-O- C- I-S-T-E-I-N. What is this? 32:54 C- I-S-T-E-I-N. What is this? 32:55 C- I-S-T-E-I-N. What is this? Homocysteine is a 32:56 Homocysteine is a 32:56 Homocysteine is a marker of a metabolic 32:57 marker of a metabolic 32:57 marker of a metabolic pathway in the body 32:59 pathway in the body 32:59 pathway in the body called methylation. And 33:01 called methylation. And 33:01 called methylation. And if methylation, this 33:03 if methylation, this 33:03 if methylation, this process, is not 33:04 process, is not 33:04 process, is not adequate, 33:05 adequate, 33:05 adequate, homocysteine levels increase 33:06 homocysteine levels increase . Elevated 33:07 . Elevated 33:07 . Elevated homocysteine is a 33:08 homocysteine is a 33:08 homocysteine is a risk factor for 33:09 risk factor for 33:09 risk factor for cardiovascular 33:10 cardiovascular 33:10 cardiovascular disease and 33:11 disease and 33:11 disease and Alzheimer's disease. 33:12 Alzheimer's disease. 33:12 Alzheimer's disease. Very simple analysis. 33:14 Very simple analysis. 33:14 Very simple analysis. And the coolest thing about 33:15 And the coolest thing about 33:15 And the coolest thing about homocysteine is that it's 33:16 homocysteine is that it's 33:16 homocysteine is that it's easy to fix. 33:17 easy to fix. 33:20 Methylated 33:20 Methylated B vitamins almost always solve this 33:21 B vitamins almost always solve this 33:21 B vitamins almost always solve this problem 33:22 problem 33:22 problem . I had 33:24 . I had 33:24 . I had elevated 33:25 elevated 33:25 elevated homocysteine levels due to a 33:27 homocysteine levels due to a 33:27 homocysteine levels due to a genetic 33:27 genetic 33:27 genetic trait I 33:28 trait I 33:28 trait I have. But this is not 33:29 have. But this is not 33:29 have. But this is not something unusual. 33:31 something unusual. 33:31 something unusual. About 28% of 33:32 About 28% of Americans have a 33:33 Americans have a 33:33 Americans have a genetic 33:34 genetic 33:34 genetic trait, or whatever you want to 33:36 trait, or whatever you want to 33:36 trait, or whatever you want to call it, a 33:37 call it, a 33:37 call it, a variation called 33:39 variation called 33:39 variation called MTHFR. And you will find out 33:42 MTHFR. And you will find out 33:42 MTHFR. And you will find out about this if you do 33:43 about this if you do 33:43 about this if you do genetic testing 33:44 genetic testing , which has become so 33:45 , which has become so 33:45 , which has become so common now; 33:46 common now; 33:46 common now; sequence your 33:47 sequence your 33:47 sequence your genome and it will show 33:48 genome and it will show 33:48 genome and it will show if you have the 33:49 if you have the 33:52 MTHFR polymorphism. And 33:52 MTHFR polymorphism. And if there is, you are at risk of 33:53 if there is, you are at risk of 33:53 if there is, you are at risk of having elevated 33:54 having elevated 33:54 having elevated homocysteine, and in 33:55 homocysteine, and in 33:55 homocysteine, and in that case you 33:56 that case you 33:56 that case you take a 33:57 take a 33:57 take a methylated 33:58 methylated 33:58 methylated B vitamin complex. Problem 34:00 B vitamin complex. Problem 34:00 B vitamin complex. Problem solved. In general, there are 34:01 solved. In general, there are 34:01 solved. In general, there are those who need 34:02 those who need 34:02 those who need a little more. They might 34:04 a little more. They might 34:04 a little more. They might need something 34:05 need something 34:05 need something else, like 34:05 else, like 34:05 else, like trimethylglycine or 34:06 trimethylglycine or 34:07 trimethylglycine or something like that. But in 34:08 something like that. But in 34:08 something like that. But in my case, as in the 34:09 my case, as in the 34:09 my case, as in the case of almost 34:09 case of almost 34:09 case of almost everyone, a good 34:10 everyone, a good 34:10 everyone, a good serving of methylated 34:12 serving of methylated — necessarily 34:12 — necessarily 34:12 — necessarily methylated — 34:13 methylated — 34:15 B-complex vitamins will lower 34:15 B-complex vitamins will lower homocysteine levels. 34:16 homocysteine levels. 34:16 homocysteine levels. with these problems: 34:17 with these problems: 34:17 with these problems: problems 34:18 problems 34:18 problems related to 34:19 related to 34:19 related to blood sugar, 34:20 blood sugar, 34:20 blood sugar, insulin, and 34:21 insulin, and 34:21 insulin, and homocysteine. That 34:22 homocysteine. That 34:22 homocysteine. That makes everything very 34:23 makes everything very 34:23 makes everything very simple, doesn't it? 34:24 simple, doesn't it? 34:27 At least from the 34:27 At least from the perspective of laboratory 34:28 perspective of laboratory 34:28 perspective of laboratory diagnostics in the 34:29 diagnostics in the 34:29 diagnostics in the early stages, this provides 34:30 early stages, this provides 34:30 early stages, this provides excellent information 34:31 excellent information 34:31 excellent information that allows you 34:32 that allows you 34:32 that allows you to determine the risk, but 34:33 to determine the risk, but 34:33 to determine the risk, but you can change that risk 34:34 you can change that risk 34:34 you can change that risk . So, this is 34:37 . So, this is 34:37 . So, this is actionable information, and that's 34:39 actionable information, and that's 34:39 actionable information, and that's exactly what we need. 34:40 exactly what we need. 34:40 exactly what we need. You know, actionable 34:41 You know, actionable 34:41 You know, actionable information from a 34:42 information from a 34:42 information from a typical 34:43 typical 34:43 typical neurological 34:44 neurological 34:44 neurological exam that 34:45 exam that 34:45 exam that suggests 34:46 suggests 34:46 suggests you have dementia. An effective 34:47 you have dementia. An effective 34:47 you have dementia. An effective solution would be: "well, 34:48 solution would be: "well, 34:48 solution would be: "well, we'll prescribe you 34:49 we'll prescribe you 34:49 we'll prescribe you some medication." 34:50 some medication." 34:50 some medication." The medication is not working, and it is 34:52 The medication is not working, and it is 34:52 The medication is not working, and it is already a very late stage. 34:53 already a very late stage. 34:53 already a very late stage. For me, this is not 34:54 For me, this is not 34:54 For me, this is not actionable information. I 34:55 actionable information. I 34:55 actionable information. I don't want to wait and 34:56 don't want to wait and 34:56 don't want to wait and make people 34:57 make people 34:57 make people wait until a 34:58 wait until a 34:58 wait until a problem arises. Again 35:00 problem arises. Again 35:00 problem arises. Again , you know, the roof 35:01 , you know, the roof 35:01 , you know, the roof needs to be fixed while 35:02 needs to be fixed while 35:02 needs to be fixed while the sun shines. Let's be 35:03 the sun shines. Let's be 35:03 the sun shines. Let's be proactive, not 35:04 proactive, not 35:04 proactive, not reactive. So, you 35:06 reactive. So, you 35:06 reactive. So, you know, these are simple 35:08 know, these are simple 35:08 know, these are simple analyses. Now, having 35:09 analyses. Now, having 35:09 analyses. Now, having said that, in the book I 35:10 said that, in the book I 35:10 said that, in the book I talk about more 35:11 talk about more 35:11 talk about more complex types of 35:12 complex types of 35:12 complex types of tests, and the one I'm going to 35:14 tests, and the one I'm going to 35:14 tests, and the one I'm going to mention today is, I 35:15 mention today is, I 35:15 mention today is, I think, 35:16 think, 35:16 think, for 35:17 for 35:17 for high- 35:18 high- 35:18 high- risk people who have 35:19 risk people who have 35:19 risk people who have certain genetic 35:20 certain genetic 35:20 certain genetic risk factors, like 35:22 risk factors, like 35:22 risk factors, like APOE4, or other 35:23 APOE4, or other 35:23 APOE4, or other metabolic problems 35:24 metabolic problems , like diabetes. Or, 35:26 , like diabetes. Or, 35:26 , like diabetes. Or, you know, the biggest 35:27 you know, the biggest 35:27 you know, the biggest risk factor for 35:28 risk factor for 35:28 risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, 35:29 Alzheimer's disease, 35:29 Alzheimer's disease, unfortunately, is your age, and 35:31 unfortunately, is your age, and 35:31 unfortunately, is your age, and what can you 35:32 what can you 35:32 what can you do about it? So this test 35:34 do about it? So this test 35:34 do about it? So this test is called PTA 217. P, 35:37 is called PTA 217. P, 35:37 is called PTA 217. P, then the word TAU, and 35:38 then the word TAU, and 35:38 then the word TAU, and then the number 217. PTA 217 35:42 then the number 217. PTA 217 is an extremely 35:43 is an extremely 35:43 is an extremely sensitive and 35:44 sensitive and 35:44 sensitive and specific marker of 35:45 specific marker of 35:47 Alzheimer's risk that is 35:47 Alzheimer's risk that is actually useful 35:48 actually useful 35:48 actually useful in determining not 35:49 in determining not 35:49 in determining not only 35:51 only 35:51 only Alzheimer's disease itself, but also the 35:52 Alzheimer's disease itself, but also the 35:52 Alzheimer's disease itself, but also the trajectory of how 35:53 trajectory of how 35:53 trajectory of how it will 35:53 it will 35:53 it will get worse over 35:55 get worse over 35:55 get worse over time if 35:55 time if 35:55 time if diagnosed. 35:56 diagnosed. 35:59 The good news 35:59 The good news is that this is a 36:00 is that this is a 36:00 is that this is a test that has gone from being 36:01 test that has gone from being 36:01 test that has gone from being research-based, 36:03 research-based, 36:03 research-based, available only as an 36:04 available only as an 36:04 available only as an experimental 36:05 experimental 36:05 experimental lab 36:05 lab 36:05 lab test, to being 36:06 test, to being 36:06 test, to being fully 36:07 fully 36:07 fully approved and 36:08 approved and 36:08 approved and available at your 36:09 available at your 36:09 available at your local lab 36:10 local lab 36:10 local lab or doctor's office. PTA 36:12 or doctor's office. PTA 36:12 or doctor's office. PTA 217. Given my age 36:15 217. Given my age —71 years old—and family 36:16 —71 years old—and family 36:16 —71 years old—and family history, I decided to 36:17 history, I decided to 36:18 history, I decided to have a blood test for 36:19 have a blood test for 36:19 have a blood test for PTA 217. I don't know 36:21 PTA 217. I don't know 36:21 PTA 217. I don't know the results yet. Not 36:22 the results yet. Not 36:22 the results yet. Not sure why it's 36:23 sure why it's 36:23 sure why it's taking so long, 36:24 taking so long, 36:24 taking so long, but I should know 36:25 but I should know 36:25 but I should know that number very, very 36:26 that number very, very 36:26 that number very, very soon. And the good 36:27 soon. And the good 36:27 soon. And the good news is that 36:28 news is that 36:28 news is that with drastic 36:29 with drastic 36:29 with drastic lifestyle changes, 36:30 lifestyle changes, 36:30 lifestyle changes, we could 36:31 we could 36:31 we could keep this rate 36:32 keep this rate 36:32 keep this rate under control and once again 36:34 under control and once again 36:34 under control and once again change the risk 36:35 change the risk 36:35 change the risk and trajectory. But this, 36:37 and trajectory. But this, 36:37 and trajectory. But this, you know, is definitely a 36:38 you know, is definitely a 36:38 you know, is definitely a much more complex 36:39 much more complex 36:39 much more complex approach. Additionally, in the 36:41 approach. Additionally, in the 36:41 approach. Additionally, in the book, we describe 36:42 book, we describe 36:42 book, we describe the availability of online 36:43 the availability of online 36:44 cognitive testing 36:44 cognitive testing that 36:45 that 36:45 that assesses both 36:46 assesses both 36:46 assesses both individual 36:47 individual 36:47 individual performance and the 36:48 performance and the 36:48 performance and the caregiver's condition. So this is something that 36:49 caregiver's condition. So this is something that 36:49 caregiver's condition. So this is something that people can 36:50 people can 36:50 people can read about in " 36:51 read about in " Brain Defenders," which 36:52 Brain Defenders," which 36:52 Brain Defenders," which lists a website to 36:53 lists a website to 36:53 lists a website to go to. I 36:56 go to. I 36:56 go to. I believe that people 36:57 believe that people 36:57 believe that people over the age of 65 should 36:59 over the age of 65 should 36:59 over the age of 65 should have an annual 37:00 have an annual 37:00 have an annual cognitive assessment, 37:01 cognitive assessment, 37:02 cognitive assessment, which takes 15 minutes 37:03 which takes 15 minutes 37:03 which takes 15 minutes during a check-up with their 37:04 during a check-up with their 37:04 during a check-up with their family doctor or general 37:05 family doctor or general 37:05 family doctor or general practitioner. We 37:08 practitioner. We 37:08 practitioner. We do a colonoscopy 37:10 do a colonoscopy 37:10 do a colonoscopy every few years. 37:11 every few years. 37:11 every few years. We do a 37:12 We do a 37:12 We do a PSA test to detect 37:13 PSA test to detect 37:13 PSA test to detect prostate cancer. Women 37:14 prostate cancer. Women 37:14 prostate cancer. Women are having their 37:15 are having their 37:15 are having their bone density checked. Don't 37:16 bone density checked. Don't 37:20 neglect your brain. The sooner we 37:20 neglect your brain. The sooner we start aggressively 37:21 start aggressively 37:21 start aggressively adjusting 37:22 adjusting 37:22 adjusting metabolism and the other 37:23 metabolism and the other 37:23 metabolism and the other interventions we 37:24 interventions we 37:24 interventions we talk about in the book, the 37:26 talk about in the book, the 37:26 talk about in the book, the better the brain will be 37:27 better the brain will be 37:27 better the brain will be . Yes, I have to 37:31 . Yes, I have to 37:31 . Yes, I have to say something about 37:32 say something about 37:32 say something about homocysteine: I think 37:33 homocysteine: I think 37:33 homocysteine: I think everyone in this 37:34 everyone in this 37:34 everyone in this community should get 37:35 community should get 37:35 community should get it checked 37:36 it checked 37:36 it checked for bone health as well 37:37 for bone health as well 37:37 for bone health as well , because when 37:38 , because when 37:38 , because when homocysteine levels 37:39 homocysteine levels 37:40 homocysteine levels are elevated, it 37:40 are elevated, it 37:40 are elevated, it causes inflammation, 37:42 causes inflammation, 37:42 causes inflammation, changes the cross- 37:43 changes the cross- 37:43 changes the cross- links in collagen, and 37:44 links in collagen, and 37:44 links in collagen, and makes bones more 37:45 makes bones more 37:45 makes bones more fragile, meaning they're 37:46 fragile, meaning they're 37:46 fragile, meaning they're easier to break. So 37:50 easier to break. So 37:50 easier to break. So it plays a 37:51 it plays a 37:51 it plays a huge role, and as 37:52 huge role, and as 37:52 huge role, and as you said, it's 37:53 you said, it's 37:53 you said, it's easy to adjust, 37:54 easy to adjust, 37:54 easy to adjust, but you need to be aware of it 37:56 but you need to be aware of it 37:56 but you need to be aware of it . And often, as you 37:59 . And often, as you 37:59 . And often, as you mentioned, 38:00 mentioned, 38:00 mentioned, there are 38:00 there are 38:00 there are functional 38:01 functional 38:01 functional ranges—that is, 38:02 ranges—that is, 38:02 ranges—that is, the values within 38:03 the values within 38:03 the values within normal limits in your 38:04 normal limits in your 38:04 normal limits in your analyses, marked in 38:05 analyses, marked in 38:05 analyses, marked in green, and there are 38:06 green, and there are 38:06 green, and there are optimal ranges 38:07 optimal ranges . So what is the 38:09 . So what is the 38:09 . So what is the optimal 38:10 optimal 38:10 optimal homocysteine level in your 38:12 homocysteine level in your 38:12 homocysteine level in your opinion? Is it somewhere below 38:14 opinion? Is it somewhere below 38:14 opinion? Is it somewhere below eight? 38:15 eight? 38:15 eight? Below nine? Yes, that's right 38:17 Below nine? Yes, that's right 38:17 Below nine? Yes, that's right . Because 38:18 . Because 38:18 . Because often the analysis shows 38:19 often the analysis shows 38:19 often the analysis shows 15 or 14, and it 38:21 15 or 14, and it 38:21 15 or 14, and it can still be in the "green 38:22 can still be in the "green 38:22 can still be in the "green zone" if the indicator 38:23 zone" if the indicator 38:23 zone" if the indicator does not exceed 15. And so 38:25 does not exceed 15. And so 38:25 does not exceed 15. And so I think 38:25 I think 38:25 I think this is how it works. 38:27 this is how it works. 38:27 this is how it works. Elevated 38:28 Elevated 38:28 Elevated homocysteine does 38:29 homocysteine does 38:29 homocysteine does several things that are 38:30 several things that are 38:30 several things that are harmful to health. It 38:31 harmful to health. It 38:31 harmful to health. It threatens the lining of 38:32 threatens the lining of 38:32 threatens the lining of blood vessels. This does 38:34 blood vessels. This does 38:34 blood vessels. This does not bode well 38:35 not bode well 38:35 not bode well . Firstly. And 38:38 . Firstly. And second, when it's 38:39 second, when it's 38:39 second, when it's metabolized into 38:40 metabolized into 38:40 metabolized into something called 38:40 something called 38:40 something called 38:42 homocysteine, it threatens 38:42 homocysteine, it threatens mitochondria, the 38:43 mitochondria, the 38:43 mitochondria, the energy producers 38:44 energy producers 38:44 energy producers inside the cell, 38:46 inside the cell, 38:46 inside the cell, including 38:46 including 38:46 including mitochondria in 38:47 mitochondria in 38:47 mitochondria in microglial 38:48 microglial 38:48 microglial cells—the 38:49 cells—the 38:49 cells—the brain's immune system, which is the 38:50 brain's immune system, which is the 38:50 brain's immune system, which is the main focus of 38:51 main focus of 38:51 main focus of our book. When 38:55 our book. When 38:55 our book. When mitochondria, the 38:56 mitochondria, the 38:56 mitochondria, the powerhouses of 38:58 powerhouses of 38:58 powerhouses of these immune 38:59 these immune 38:59 these immune brain cells, are 39:00 brain cells, are 39:00 brain cells, are compromised by 39:01 compromised by 39:01 compromised by elevated 39:02 elevated 39:02 elevated homocysteine, it 39:03 homocysteine, it 39:03 homocysteine, it turns them from “ 39:04 turns them from “ brain protectors” into 39:05 brain protectors” into 39:05 brain protectors” into their evil counterparts, 39:06 their evil counterparts, 39:06 their evil counterparts, “ 39:07 “ 39:07 “ brain destroyers.” So 39:09 brain destroyers.” So 39:09 brain destroyers.” So homocysteine plays a 39:11 homocysteine plays a 39:11 homocysteine plays a huge role. 39:12 huge role. 39:12 huge role. Elevated 39:13 Elevated 39:13 Elevated blood sugar levels, insulin 39:14 blood sugar levels, insulin 39:14 blood sugar levels, insulin resistance
Environmental toxins, plastics, and brain health 39:15 resistance , inhalation of air with a 39:16 , inhalation of air with a 39:16 , inhalation of air with a high content of so- 39:17 high content of so- 39:17 high content of so- called PM 2.5 particles. These 39:19 called PM 2.5 particles. These 39:19 called PM 2.5 particles. These particles, which are part of 39:20 particles, which are part of 39:20 particles, which are part of air pollution, 39:21 air pollution, 39:21 air pollution, are why it's 39:22 are why it's 39:22 are why it's important for us to know the levels of 39:24 important for us to know the levels of 39:24 important for us to know the levels of air pollution 39:25 air pollution 39:25 air pollution in the cities where we live 39:26 in the cities where we live , or hopefully in 39:27 , or hopefully in 39:27 , or hopefully in our homes. We 39:29 our homes. We 39:29 our homes. We need to know the level of 39:30 need to know the level of 39:30 need to know the level of these PM 2.5 particles and, if 39:32 these PM 2.5 particles and, if 39:32 these PM 2.5 particles and, if necessary, 39:33 necessary, 39:33 necessary, use an 39:34 use an 39:34 use an air purifier. 39:35 air purifier. 39:35 air purifier. We use an 39:36 We use an 39:36 We use an air purifier 39:38 air purifier 39:38 air purifier called Lyken, like 39:39 called Lyken, like 39:39 called Lyken, like the lichen in the forest, 39:40 the lichen in the forest, 39:40 the lichen in the forest, L-I-C-H-E-N, which purifies 39:42 L-I-C-H-E-N, which purifies 39:42 L-I-C-H-E-N, which purifies the air in the forest. And it 39:43 the air in the forest. And it 39:44 the air in the forest. And it not only does this, but it also 39:45 not only does this, but it also 39:45 not only does this, but it also measures 39:46 measures 39:46 measures air quality at the same time. This is 39:47 air quality at the same time. This is 39:47 air quality at the same time. This is very important. You know, 39:49 very important. You know, 39:49 very important. You know, we care about the quality of the 39:50 we care about the quality of the 39:50 we care about the quality of the water we drink, 39:51 water we drink, 39:51 water we drink, right? We drink from 39:52 right? We drink from 39:52 right? We drink from glass containers, not 39:53 glass containers, not 39:53 glass containers, not plastic ones because of 39:54 plastic ones because of 39:54 plastic ones because of microplastics, etc. We 39:56 microplastics, etc. We 39:56 microplastics, etc. We don't drink tap water 39:57 don't drink tap water 39:57 don't drink tap water if we know that 39:58 if we know that 39:58 if we know that city water is 39:59 city water is 39:59 city water is unsafe. And 39:59 unsafe. And 39:59 unsafe. And most 40:00 most 40:00 most commercial 40:01 commercial 40:01 commercial municipal 40:01 municipal 40:01 municipal tap water 40:03 tap water 40:03 tap water is not ideal. But how 40:05 is not ideal. But how 40:05 is not ideal. But how often do we 40:06 often do we 40:06 often do we think about the 40:07 think about the 40:07 think about the quality of the air we 40:08 quality of the air we 40:08 quality of the air we breathe in buildings, 40:10 breathe in buildings, 40:10 breathe in buildings, offices, or homes, where 40:11 offices, or homes, where 40:11 offices, or homes, where the average 40:12 the average 40:13 the average American 40:13 American 40:13 American spends over 90% of 40:15 spends over 90% of their time? So we 40:18 their time? So we 40:18 their time? So we should be aware of this, 40:19 should be aware of this, 40:19 should be aware of this, get the data, and 40:21 get the data, and 40:21 get the data, and if there's a problem, 40:22 if there's a problem, 40:22 if there's a problem, use an 40:23 use an 40:23 use an air purifier and 40:24 air purifier and 40:24 air purifier and reduce the risks, 40:25 reduce the risks, 40:25 reduce the risks, including things 40:26 including things 40:26 including things like burning 40:27 like burning 40:27 like burning incense. Oh, that's great 40:30 incense. Oh, that's great 40:30 incense. Oh, that's great for calming down, what's 40:31 for calming down, what's 40:31 for calming down, what's it called? Er… 40:33 it called? Er… 40:33 it called? Er… Oh, it's called… 40:34 Oh, it's called… 40:34 Oh, it's called… Aromatherapy. 40:35 Aromatherapy. 40:35 Aromatherapy. Aromatherapy. Yes. 40:37 Aromatherapy. Yes. 40:37 Aromatherapy. Yes. Aromatherapy. I 40:38 Aromatherapy. I 40:38 Aromatherapy. I like it. This seems to be 40:39 like it. This seems to be 40:39 like it. This seems to be useful for you. But 40:41 useful for you. But 40:41 useful for you. But burning incense 40:42 burning incense 40:42 burning incense significantly increases 40:43 significantly increases 40:43 significantly increases the concentration of these 40:44 the concentration of these 40:44 the concentration of these dangerous particles in the 40:45 dangerous particles in the 40:45 dangerous particles in the air you 40:46 air you 40:47 air you breathe. If you 40:48 breathe. If you 40:48 breathe. If you smell it, you 40:49 smell it, you 40:49 smell it, you are inhaling PM 2.5 particles in 40:51 are inhaling PM 2.5 particles in 40:51 are inhaling PM 2.5 particles in increased 40:51 increased 40:51 increased concentrations. And that's 40:53 concentrations. And that's 40:53 concentrations. And that's not good for 40:54 not good for 40:54 not good for your health, 40:55 your health, 40:55 your health, heart, or brain at all. So are 40:58 heart, or brain at all. So are 41:01 air fresheners, those devices 41:01 air fresheners, those devices that emit volatile 41:02 that emit volatile 41:02 that emit volatile organic compounds, 41:03 organic compounds, 41:03 organic compounds, especially those 41:04 especially those 41:04 especially those found, 41:05 found, 41:05 found, say, in taxis. I'm not 41:08 say, in taxis. I'm not 41:08 say, in taxis. I'm not naming a specific 41:09 naming a specific 41:09 naming a specific brand. You get into 41:12 brand. You get into 41:12 brand. You get into such a car, and there is some device turned on in the 41:13 such a car, and there is some device turned on in the 41:13 such a car, and there is some device turned on in the cigarette lighter socket 41:14 cigarette lighter socket 41:14 cigarette lighter socket or on the 41:15 or on the 41:15 or on the air conditioner vent 41:16 air conditioner vent 41:21 . My God, this is 41:23 not doing you any good in any way. 41:23 not doing you any good in any way. So I strongly recommend 41:24 So I strongly recommend 41:24 So I strongly recommend purchasing an 41:25 purchasing an 41:25 purchasing an air purifier, placing 41:27 air purifier, placing 41:27 air purifier, placing it where you 41:27 it where you 41:28 it where you spend the most 41:29 spend the most 41:29 spend the most time, or in every 41:30 time, or in every 41:30 time, or in every room, and paying 41:31 room, and paying 41:31 room, and paying attention to the quality of the air 41:32 attention to the quality of the air 41:32 attention to the quality of the air you breathe. Here are 41:34 you breathe. Here are 41:34 you breathe. Here are some scientific 41:35 some scientific 41:35 some scientific facts. One interesting 41:36 facts. One interesting 41:36 facts. One interesting study 41:37 study 41:37 study published in 41:38 published in 41:38 published in Toronto, or where the data 41:39 Toronto, or where the data 41:39 Toronto, or where the data was collected in 41:40 was collected in 41:40 was collected in Toronto, Canada, 41:41 Toronto, Canada, 41:41 Toronto, Canada, showed that the 41:43 showed that the 41:43 showed that the closer you live to a 41:44 closer you live to a 41:44 closer you live to a major 41:45 major 41:45 major highway—and 41:46 highway—and 41:46 highway—and major highways are 41:47 major highways are 41:47 major highways are significant sources of 41:48 significant sources of 41:48 significant sources of these particles, PM 2.5, as well 41:50 these particles, PM 2.5, as well 41:50 these particles, PM 2.5, as well as exhaust 41:51 as exhaust 41:51 as exhaust fumes, which contain 41:52 fumes, which contain 41:52 fumes, which contain a lot of these PM 41:53 a lot of these PM 41:53 a lot of these PM 2.5 particles—the higher your 41:54 2.5 particles—the higher your 41:54 2.5 particles—the higher your risk of developing 41:55 risk of developing 41:55 risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. 41:57 Alzheimer's disease. 41:57 Alzheimer's disease. Oh my god, who would have 41:58 Oh my god, who would have 41:58 Oh my god, who would have thought? Well, you know, 42:00 thought? Well, you know, 42:00 thought? Well, you know, maybe your house 42:01 maybe your house 42:01 maybe your house is located a mile 42:02 is located a mile 42:02 is located a mile from a major 42:03 from a major 42:03 from a major highway. And 42:04 highway. And 42:04 highway. And you know, before 42:05 you know, before 42:05 you know, before you decide to sell your 42:06 you decide to sell your 42:06 you decide to sell your house and move 42:07 house and move 42:07 house and move because you listened to 42:08 because you listened to 42:08 because you listened to this podcast today, 42:10 this podcast today, 42:10 this podcast today, get a good quality 42:11 get a good quality 42:11 get a good quality air purifier and 42:12 air purifier and 42:12 air purifier and solve this 42:12 solve this 42:12 solve this problem. You can 42:14 problem. You can 42:14 problem. You can very quickly, in a 42:15 very quickly, in a 42:15 very quickly, in a matter of hours, 42:16 matter of hours, 42:16 matter of hours, significantly reduce 42:17 significantly reduce 42:17 significantly reduce the level of PM 42:19 the level of PM 42:19 the level of PM 2.5 particles in the air you 42:20 2.5 particles in the air you 42:20 2.5 particles in the air you breathe. You know, we again 42:22 breathe. You know, we again 42:24 pay a lot of 42:24 pay a lot of attention to the quality of our 42:25 attention to the quality of our 42:25 attention to the quality of our water. What about 42:26 water. What about 42:26 water. What about the air we 42:27 the air we 42:27 the air we breathe? You know, this is 42:28 breathe? You know, this is 42:28 breathe? You know, this is so important. We have 42:30 so important. We have 42:30 so important. We have all kinds of 42:30 all kinds of 42:30 all kinds of air filters in our house. 42:31 air filters in our house. 42:32 air filters in our house. The usual, you know, 42:32 The usual, you know, 42:32 The usual, you know, we had 42:33 we had 42:33 we had problems for years when my 42:34 problems for years when my 42:34 problems for years when my kids, when they were 42:35 kids, when they were 42:35 kids, when they were younger, were constantly 42:36 younger, were constantly 42:36 younger, were constantly getting ear 42:36 getting ear 42:36 getting ear infections, and of course it 42:37 infections, and of course it 42:37 infections, and of course it was because of our 42:38 was because of our 42:38 was because of our filtration system in the 42:39 filtration system in the 42:39 filtration system in the house. But we 42:40 house. But we 42:40 house. But we fixed it. However, I 42:41 fixed it. However, I 42:41 fixed it. However, I still have an 42:43 still have an 42:43 still have an air purifier because it 42:43 air purifier because it 42:43 air purifier because it really does capture so 42:45 really does capture so 42:45 really does capture so much of everything, and 42:46 much of everything, and 42:46 much of everything, and why would you need it in the 42:46 why would you need it in the 42:46 why would you need it in the air? I totally 42:49 air? I totally 42:49 air? I totally agree, and in your 42:50 agree, and in your 42:50 agree, and in your book you really go into 42:51 book you really go into 42:51 book you really go into detail about 42:52 detail about 42:52 detail about everything, but you also 42:53 everything, but you also 42:53 everything, but you also spend time on 42:54 spend time on 42:54 spend time on plastic, because I don't 42:55 plastic, because I don't 42:55 plastic, because I don't think people 42:56 think people 42:56 think people realize the impact 42:57 realize the impact 42:57 realize the impact plastic has on the brain. 42:58 plastic has on the brain. 43:01 Want to shed some light on this 43:01 Want to shed some light on this ? 43:02 ? 43:02 ? Of course. And as you 43:04 Of course. And as you 43:04 Of course. And as you probably know, 43:05 probably know, 43:05 probably know, about half a percent of 43:06 about half a percent of 43:06 about half a percent of your brain and my 43:08 your brain and my 43:08 your brain and my brain, unfortunately, is 43:09 brain, unfortunately, is 43:09 brain, unfortunately, is made up of 43:09 made up of 43:09 made up of plastic. This is quite 43:12 plastic. This is quite 43:12 plastic. This is quite frightening. And you know, for 43:13 frightening. And you know, for 43:13 frightening. And you know, for years we've liked to 43:14 years we've liked to 43:14 years we've liked to use the 43:14 use the 43:14 use the term " 43:15 term " neuroplasticity," 43:16 neuroplasticity," 43:16 neuroplasticity," because it refers to 43:17 because it refers to 43:17 because it refers to the ability of 43:18 the ability of 43:18 the ability of brain cells to make 43:19 brain cells to make 43:19 brain cells to make new connections and so on. 43:20 new connections and so on. 43:20 new connections and so on. Maybe we could 43:21 Maybe we could 43:21 Maybe we could apply that 43:22 apply that 43:22 apply that term here. I 43:23 term here. I 43:23 term here. I mean, 43:24 mean, 43:24 mean, neuroplasticity— 43:25 neuroplasticity— plasticity in the brain—is a 43:26 plasticity in the brain—is a 43:26 plasticity in the brain—is a threat for two 43:27 threat for two 43:27 threat for two important reasons. 43:28 important reasons. First, they are solid 43:29 First, they are solid 43:29 First, they are solid particles that 43:30 particles that 43:30 particles that irritate tissues, 43:32 irritate tissues, 43:32 irritate tissues, which can cause 43:33 which can cause 43:33 which can cause inflammation. And secondly, 43:36 inflammation. And secondly, 43:36 inflammation. And secondly, they contain 43:36 they contain 43:36 they contain hormone mimics, 43:38 hormone mimics, 43:38 hormone mimics, if you will, different 43:39 if you will, different 43:39 if you will, different types of plasticizers 43:40 types of plasticizers 43:40 types of plasticizers or 43:41 or 43:41 or plastic additives, like 43:42 plastic additives, like 43:42 plastic additives, like bisphenol A, which are 43:43 bisphenol A, which are 43:43 bisphenol A, which are endocrine 43:44 endocrine 43:44 endocrine disruptors and 43:44 disruptors and 43:45 disruptors and really pose a 43:46 really pose a 43:46 really pose a clear and real 43:47 clear and real 43:47 clear and real danger not only to the 43:48 danger not only to the 43:48 danger not only to the brain but to the entire 43:49 brain but to the entire 43:49 brain but to the entire body. We're 43:53 body. We're 43:53 body. We're starting to see 43:54 starting to see 43:54 starting to see ideas about 43:54 ideas about 43:54 ideas about using certain 43:55 using certain 43:55 using certain types of filtration to 43:57 types of filtration to 43:57 types of filtration to purify the blood to 43:58 purify the blood to 43:58 purify the blood to at least get rid of the 43:59 at least get rid of the 43:59 at least get rid of the load of these 44:00 load of these 44:00 load of these microplastics in the 44:01 microplastics in the 44:01 microplastics in the blood. I don't yet 44:04 blood. I don't yet 44:04 blood. I don't yet know a way to 44:05 know a way to 44:05 know a way to cleanse the brain of 44:06 cleanse the brain of 44:06 cleanse the brain of these microplastics. 44:08 these microplastics. 44:08 these microplastics. This will certainly be 44:09 This will certainly be 44:09 This will certainly be impressive. But I guess, well 44:11 impressive. But I guess, well 44:11 impressive. But I guess, well , we are where we are 44:12 , we are where we are 44:12 , we are where we are today. Interestingly, I 44:14 today. Interestingly, I 44:14 today. Interestingly, I just had a 44:15 just had a 44:15 just had a blood test for 44:16 blood test for 44:16 blood test for microplastics and the 44:17 microplastics and the 44:17 microplastics and the result was 44:18 result was 44:18 result was low, but not 44:19 low, but not 44:19 low, but not zero. So, they 44:20 zero. So, they 44:20 zero. So, they were discovered. Therefore, I 44:22 were discovered. Therefore, I 44:22 were discovered. Therefore, I believe that we must 44:23 believe that we must 44:23 believe that we must act 44:23 act 44:23 act proactively and 44:24 proactively and 44:24 proactively and reduce our 44:25 reduce our 44:25 reduce our exposure to these 44:26 exposure to these 44:26 exposure to these microplastics. It is 44:27 microplastics. It is 44:27 microplastics. It is in the air we 44:28 in the air we 44:29 in the air we breathe. This is 44:29 breathe. This is 44:29 breathe. This is undeniable. Again 44:31 undeniable. Again 44:31 undeniable. Again , this is a call 44:31 , this is a call 44:31 , this is a call to buy a quality 44:32 to buy a quality 44:32 to buy a quality air purifier for where 44:33 air purifier for where 44:33 air purifier for where you spend 44:34 you spend 44:34 you spend the most time. And 44:35 the most time. And secondly, we must 44:36 secondly, we must 44:36 secondly, we must limit our exposure through the 44:37 limit our exposure through the 44:38 limit our exposure through the food 44:39 food 44:39 food and drinks we 44:39 and drinks we 44:40 and drinks we consume. You know, it makes 44:41 consume. You know, it makes 44:41 consume. You know, it makes me shudder 44:42 me shudder 44:42 me shudder when I see these 44:43 when I see these 44:45 plastic water bottles that 44:45 plastic water bottles that are brought to 44:46 are brought to 44:46 are brought to sports fields 44:47 sports fields for kids to drink. 44:48 for kids to drink. 44:49 for kids to drink. They are standing in the sun 44:50 They are standing in the sun 44:50 They are standing in the sun in the back of a truck. 44:51 in the back of a truck. 44:51 in the back of a truck. Who knows how long 44:52 Who knows how long 44:53 Who knows how long they were there. And 44:54 they were there. And 44:54 they were there. And the number of particles in 44:55 the number of particles in 44:55 the number of particles in these bottles is simply 44:56 these bottles is simply 44:56 these bottles is simply incredible. But 44:58 incredible. But 44:58 incredible. But microplastics are definitely present 44:59 microplastics are definitely present 44:59 microplastics are definitely present in canned 45:00 in canned 45:00 in canned soups. You know, anything 45:02 soups. You know, anything 45:02 soups. You know, anything with a plastic 45:03 with a plastic 45:03 with a plastic lining, even 45:04 lining, even 45:05 lining, even some metal 45:05 some metal 45:05 some metal water containers are 45:07 water containers are 45:07 water containers are better, but the lid 45:08 better, but the lid 45:08 better, but the lid is still a source of 45:09 is still a source of 45:09 is still a source of microplastics. So, 45:10 microplastics. So, 45:10 microplastics. So, you know, there are many 45:11 you know, there are many 45:11 you know, there are many sources of microplastics 45:13 sources of microplastics . I give this entire 45:14 . I give this entire 45:14 . I give this entire list in my book. I 45:15 list in my book. I 45:15 list in my book. I don't think 45:16 don't think 45:16 don't think they 45:17 they 45:17 they can be completely 45:18 can be completely 45:18 can be completely avoided in today's world. This is really 45:19 avoided in today's world. This is really 45:19 avoided in today's world. This is really impossible. But there are 45:20 impossible. But there are 45:20 impossible. But there are some steps you can take 45:22 some steps you can take 45:22 some steps you can take to reduce the risks, and 45:23 to reduce the risks, and 45:23 to reduce the risks, and I think that will be 45:24 I think that will be 45:24 I think that will be valuable. 45:25 valuable. 45:25 valuable. OK. When you
Emerging therapies and the future of brain protection 45:28 OK. When you 45:28 OK. When you spoke in February, 45:29 spoke in February, 45:29 spoke in February, you talked about some 45:31 you talked about some 45:31 you talked about some very interesting new 45:32 very interesting new 45:32 very interesting new treatments 45:33 treatments 45:33 treatments that I would like you to 45:34 that I would like you to 45:34 that I would like you to talk about in more detail 45:35 talk about in more detail because I find them 45:36 because I find them 45:36 because I find them fascinating, like 45:37 fascinating, like 45:37 fascinating, like gamma-frequency 45:38 gamma-frequency 45:38 gamma-frequency stimulation—it 45:39 stimulation—it 45:39 stimulation—it just blew me away 45:40 just blew me away 45:40 just blew me away when you talked about it 45:41 when you talked about it 45:41 when you talked about it . But do 45:43 . But do 45:43 . But do you want to share what you 45:45 you want to share what you 45:45 you want to share what you think is 45:45 think is 45:46 think is most 45:46 most 45:46 most promising? 45:47 promising? 45:47 promising? Yes. And you know, in the new 45:48 Yes. And you know, in the new 45:48 Yes. And you know, in the new book " 45:49 book " 45:49 book " Brain Defenders," we first 45:50 Brain Defenders," we first 45:51 Brain Defenders," we first talk about the key 45:52 talk about the key 45:52 talk about the key role of the immune system. 45:53 role of the immune system. 45:53 role of the immune system. Secondly, about what 45:54 Secondly, about what 45:54 Secondly, about what causes this immune 45:55 causes this immune 45:55 causes this immune system to malfunction 45:56 system to malfunction 45:56 system to malfunction . And 45:57 . And third, about the possibilities 45:58 third, about the possibilities that we have to 45:59 that we have to 45:59 that we have to return 46:00 return 46:00 return microglial 46:01 microglial 46:01 microglial cells to the M2 state, 46:02 cells to the M2 state, 46:02 cells to the M2 state, so that they become 46:03 so that they become 46:03 so that they become supportive again. And when 46:04 supportive again. And when 46:04 supportive again. And when I say this, please 46:06 I say this, please 46:06 I say this, please understand that this is a 46:07 understand that this is a 46:07 understand that this is a central, key 46:08 central, key 46:08 central, key area of research that 46:09 area of research that 46:09 area of research that goes far beyond what 46:10 goes far beyond what 46:10 goes far beyond what we're 46:11 we're 46:11 we're talking about today and the 46:12 talking about today and the 46:12 talking about today and the way of life 46:14 way of life 46:14 way of life that we lead; 46:15 that we lead; 46:15 that we lead; Leading institutes are 46:16 Leading institutes are 46:16 Leading institutes are exploring 46:17 exploring 46:17 exploring all sorts of new ideas 46:18 all sorts of new ideas 46:18 all sorts of new ideas to make 46:18 to make 46:19 to make microglia 46:19 microglia 46:19 microglia supportive and 46:20 supportive and 46:20 supportive and divert them from 46:21 divert them from 46:21 divert them from destructive action. It's the 46:23 destructive action. It's the 46:23 destructive action. It's the holy grail when it comes 46:24 holy grail when it comes 46:24 holy grail when it comes to 46:26 to 46:26 to brain health and reducing the 46:27 brain health and reducing the 46:27 brain health and reducing the risk of degeneration, and 46:28 risk of degeneration, and 46:28 risk of degeneration, and even, as I'll tell 46:29 even, as I'll tell 46:29 even, as I'll tell you in a moment, 46:30 you in a moment, 46:30 you in a moment, treating 46:31 treating 46:35 Alzheimer's patients. So 46:35 Alzheimer's patients. So the brain in a normal 46:36 the brain in a normal 46:36 the brain in a normal healthy state has a 46:38 healthy state has a 46:38 healthy state has a beautiful 46:38 beautiful 46:38 beautiful sinusoidal—what does 46:39 sinusoidal—what does 46:39 sinusoidal—what does that mean?—a beautiful 46:41 that mean?—a beautiful 46:41 that mean?—a beautiful rhythm, like this frequency of 46:43 rhythm, like this frequency of 46:43 rhythm, like this frequency of electrical 46:43 electrical 46:43 electrical activity in the background, 46:45 activity in the background, 46:45 activity in the background, oscillating up and 46:46 oscillating up and down. This is music 46:48 down. This is music 46:48 down. This is music performed by a 46:49 performed by a 46:49 performed by a highly coordinated 46:50 highly coordinated 46:50 highly coordinated orchestra. The entire brain 46:52 orchestra. The entire brain 46:52 orchestra. The entire brain actually takes on 46:54 actually takes on 46:54 actually takes on this background frequency. It's 46:56 this background frequency. It's 46:56 this background frequency. It's like an orchestra marching to the 46:57 like an orchestra marching to the 46:57 like an orchestra marching to the beat of a drum. Everyone 47:00 beat of a drum. Everyone 47:00 beat of a drum. Everyone plays accurately, in time 47:01 plays accurately, in time , and the result is 47:02 , and the result is 47:02 , and the result is beautiful 47:03 beautiful 47:03 beautiful music. When the brain 47:07 music. When the brain 47:07 music. When the brain degrades, there is a 47:08 degrades, there is a 47:08 degrades, there is a correlation with the loss of 47:09 correlation with the loss of 47:09 correlation with the loss of this wonderful 47:10 this wonderful 47:10 this wonderful sinusoidal 47:11 sinusoidal 47:11 sinusoidal rhythm. So instead of a 47:13 rhythm. So instead of a 47:13 rhythm. So instead of a nice 47:13 nice 47:13 nice sine wave, 47:15 sine wave, 47:15 sine wave, it breaks up. It's 47:17 it breaks up. It's 47:17 it breaks up. It's like a transition from 47:18 like a transition from 47:18 like a transition from sinus rhythm 47:19 sinus rhythm 47:19 sinus rhythm to atrial 47:20 to atrial 47:20 to atrial fibrillation, for example, and this is what 47:22 fibrillation, for example, and this is what 47:23 happens during 47:28 brain degeneration. But now we 47:28 brain degeneration. But now we understand that the loss of 47:29 understand that the loss of 47:29 understand that the loss of this gamma oscillation is 47:30 this gamma oscillation is not just something 47:32 not just something 47:32 not just something that coexists with 47:33 that coexists with 47:33 that coexists with brain degradation. This 47:36 brain degradation. This 47:36 brain degradation. This contributes to its emergence. 47:38 contributes to its emergence. 47:41 So once this was 47:41 So once this was recognized in 47:41 recognized in 47:41 recognized in research, scientists 47:42 research, scientists 47:43 research, scientists started asking 47:44 started asking 47:44 started asking themselves: what if we 47:45 themselves: what if we 47:45 themselves: what if we could recreate this 47:46 could recreate this 47:46 could recreate this wonderful sinusoidal 47:47 wonderful sinusoidal 47:47 wonderful sinusoidal background gamma 47:48 background gamma oscillation? And they 47:51 oscillation? And they 47:51 oscillation? And they started looking for all 47:52 started looking for all 47:52 started looking for all sorts of relatively 47:53 sorts of relatively 47:53 sorts of relatively non-invasive ways to 47:54 non-invasive ways to 47:54 non-invasive ways to do it. And what are the 47:56 do it. And what are the 47:56 do it. And what are the main entrances to the brain 47:58 main entrances to the brain ? Well, one of them is what 48:00 ? Well, one of them is what 48:00 ? Well, one of them is what we see, and the 48:01 we see, and the 48:01 we see, and the other is what we hear 48:02 other is what we hear 48:02 other is what we hear in terms of what 48:04 in terms of what 48:04 in terms of what can be changed over 48:05 can be changed over 48:05 can be changed over time. You wouldn't 48:06 time. You wouldn't 48:06 time. You wouldn't think that eating a 48:07 think that eating a 48:07 think that eating a certain food, for example 48:09 certain food, for example , would necessarily affect the 48:10 , would necessarily affect the 48:10 , would necessarily affect the timing of something. In 48:11 timing of something. In 48:11 timing of something. In this case, it's 48:12 this case, it's 48:12 this case, it's gamma oscillation. And 48:16 gamma oscillation. And 48:16 gamma oscillation. And what the researchers 48:17 what the researchers 48:17 what the researchers found was really 48:18 found was really 48:18 found was really fascinating: In a 48:20 fascinating: In a 48:20 fascinating: In a rodent model that 48:21 rodent model that 48:23 has normal 48:23 has normal gamma oscillations in the 48:24 gamma oscillations in the 48:24 gamma oscillations in the brain in a healthy state -- lab 48:26 brain in a healthy state -- lab 48:26 brain in a healthy state -- lab mice -- when they 48:27 mice -- when they 48:27 mice -- when they flash a light into the 48:28 flash a light into the 48:28 flash a light into the eyes of that mouse at a 48:29 eyes of that mouse at a 48:29 eyes of that mouse at a certain frequency, which is 48:30 certain frequency, which is 48:30 certain frequency, which is 40 times per 48:31 40 times per 48:32 40 times per second, which is amazing -- 48:33 second, which is amazing -- they tried 48:34 they tried 48:34 they tried all sorts of different 48:35 all sorts of different 48:35 all sorts of different frequencies, but when they 48:36 frequencies, but when they 48:36 frequencies, but when they tuned in, 48:37 tuned in, 48:37 tuned in, monitoring the EEG, they 48:39 monitoring the EEG, they 48:39 monitoring the EEG, they were looking at 20, 40, 60, 80 48:40 were looking at 20, 40, 60, 80 48:40 were looking at 20, 40, 60, 80 Hz. When they reached 48:45 Hz. When they reached 48:45 Hz. When they reached 40 hertz, the gamma frequency 48:46 40 hertz, the gamma frequency 48:46 40 hertz, the gamma frequency resumed. Oho. We have 48:49 resumed. Oho. We have 48:49 resumed. Oho. We have just restored this 48:51 just restored this 48:51 just restored this wonderful healing 48:52 wonderful healing 48:52 wonderful healing background rhythm in the brain. 48:53 background rhythm in the brain. 48:56 Then they began to 48:56 Then they began to investigate how 48:57 investigate how 48:57 investigate how effective it might be 48:59 effective it might be 48:59 effective it might be at restoring 49:00 at restoring 49:00 at restoring gamma frequencies in a 49:01 gamma frequencies in a 49:01 gamma frequencies in a mouse model of 49:01 mouse model of 49:02 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease 49:03 Alzheimer's disease , which exhibits 49:04 , which exhibits 49:04 , which exhibits cognitive decline, 49:05 cognitive decline, 49:05 cognitive decline, accumulates beta- 49:06 accumulates beta- amyloid, and generally all the 49:07 amyloid, and generally all the 49:07 amyloid, and generally all the hallmarks of Alzheimer's 49:09 hallmarks of Alzheimer's 49:09 hallmarks of Alzheimer's that we see. You'll 49:11 that we see. You'll 49:11 that we see. You'll notice what I said: 49:13 notice what I said: 49:13 notice what I said: they accumulate beta- 49:14 they accumulate beta- amyloid. This is a 49:16 amyloid. This is a 49:16 amyloid. This is a consequence, not the 49:17 consequence, not the 49:17 consequence, not the root cause. So, 49:18 root cause. So, 49:18 root cause. So, you know, the brain in 49:19 you know, the brain in 49:19 you know, the brain in Alzheimer's disease 49:20 Alzheimer's disease 49:20 Alzheimer's disease does accumulate 49:21 does accumulate 49:21 does accumulate beta-amyloid, but that's 49:22 beta-amyloid, but that's 49:22 beta-amyloid, but that's not the cause of the 49:23 not the cause of the 49:23 not the cause of the problem. So, they 49:24 problem. So, they 49:24 problem. So, they exposed this mouse to 49:25 exposed this mouse to 49:25 exposed this mouse to light that 49:27 light that 49:27 light that flickered at a frequency of 40 49:28 flickered at a frequency of 40 49:28 flickered at a frequency of 40 hertz. And now, look 49:30 hertz. And now, look 49:30 hertz. And now, look what they saw. 49:33 what they saw. First, microglia 49:34 First, microglia 49:34 First, microglia returned from the 49:36 returned from the 49:36 returned from the M1 state—destroyers—to the 49:37 M1 state—destroyers—to the 49:37 M1 state—destroyers—to the M2 state—protectors of 49:38 M2 state—protectors of 49:38 M2 state—protectors of the brain. Second, 49:41 the brain. Second, 49:41 the brain. Second, the loss of brain tissue 49:42 the loss of brain tissue 49:42 the loss of brain tissue that was typically 49:43 that was typically 49:43 that was typically seen in these 49:44 seen in these 49:44 seen in these mice with 49:45 mice with 49:45 mice with Alzheimer's disease 49:46 Alzheimer's disease 49:46 Alzheimer's disease was reduced. Third, 49:48 was reduced. Third, 49:48 was reduced. Third, cognitive functions 49:49 cognitive functions 49:49 cognitive functions were preserved 49:51 were preserved 49:51 were preserved thanks to the flashing of 49:52 thanks to the flashing of 49:52 thanks to the flashing of light in their eyes at a 49:53 light in their eyes at a 49:53 light in their eyes at a frequency of 40 hertz. 49:54 frequency of 40 hertz. 49:54 frequency of 40 hertz. Dr. Li-Hui Tsai from 49:56 Dr. Li-Hui Tsai from 49:56 Dr. Li-Hui Tsai from MIT 49:57 MIT 49:57 MIT 49:59 took the 49:59 took the research even further, 50:00 research even further, 50:00 research even further, and this is exactly what we 50:01 and this is exactly what we 50:01 and this is exactly what we needed. And she 50:03 needed. And she 50:03 needed. And she said, "Okay, I 50:04 said, "Okay, I 50:04 said, "Okay, I understand." I 50:05 understand." I 50:05 understand." I dedicated my 50:06 dedicated my 50:06 dedicated my life to studying 50:06 life to studying 50:06 life to studying Alzheimer's disease 50:08 Alzheimer's disease 50:08 Alzheimer's disease because my grandmother 50:09 because my grandmother 50:09 because my grandmother had the disease, and I 50:10 had the disease, and I 50:10 had the disease, and I remember from childhood what 50:11 remember from childhood what 50:11 remember from childhood what it was like. This is from her 50:13 it was like. This is from her 50:13 it was like. This is from her TED talk. So 50:16 TED talk. So 50:17 TED talk. So she organized 50:18 she organized 50:18 she organized a study in which 50:19 a study in which 50:19 a study in which people with 50:20 people with 50:20 people with Alzheimer's disease 50:21 Alzheimer's disease 50:24 were exposed to 50:26 40 Hz light through 50:26 40 Hz light through glasses and 40 Hz sound 50:27 glasses and 40 Hz sound 50:27 glasses and 40 Hz sound through headphones for a set amount of time every day. 50:28 through headphones for a set amount of time every day. 50:32 The device appears to 50:32 The device appears to be called "Spectre." 50:33 be called "Spectre." 50:34 be called "Spectre." She applied 50:35 She applied 50:35 She applied it, and, imagine, 50:36 it, and, imagine, 50:36 it, and, imagine, proved a significant 50:37 proved a significant 50:37 proved a significant slowdown in the rate of 50:38 slowdown in the rate of 50:38 slowdown in the rate of brain 50:39 brain 50:39 brain tissue loss in patients with 50:41 tissue loss in patients with 50:41 tissue loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease 50:42 Alzheimer's disease . I will add that there 50:46 . I will add that there 50:46 . I will add that there was a 50:47 was a 50:47 was a dramatic reduction in the 50:48 dramatic reduction in the 50:48 dramatic reduction in the rate of cognitive 50:49 rate of cognitive 50:49 rate of cognitive decline, especially in 50:50 decline, especially in 50:53 activities of daily living: 50:53 activities of daily living: the ability to 50:55 the ability to 50:55 the ability to bathe independently, brush 50:56 bathe independently, brush 50:56 bathe independently, brush teeth, choose clothes, 50:57 teeth, choose clothes, 50:57 teeth, choose clothes, etc., and this is truly 50:58 etc., and this is truly 50:58 etc., and this is truly significant, much more 50:59 significant, much more 50:59 significant, much more impressive than any 51:00 impressive than any drug that has been developed. 51:02 drug that has been developed. 51:05 So, you know, phase three 51:05 So, you know, phase three clinical trials are underway now 51:06 clinical trials are underway now 51:09 . And can you 51:09 . And can you imagine, no 51:10 imagine, no 51:10 imagine, no side effects, 51:11 side effects, 51:11 side effects, just a flash of 51:12 just a flash of 51:12 just a flash of light in the 51:13 light in the 51:13 light in the patient's eyes and a sound. So, 51:15 patient's eyes and a sound. So, 51:15 patient's eyes and a sound. So, you know, I work with a 51:16 you know, I work with a 51:16 you know, I work with a company called 51:17 company called 51:17 company called Optosuitics and I got one 51:19 Optosuitics and I got one 51:19 Optosuitics and I got one of their devices. 51:20 of their devices. 51:20 of their devices. It is on my 51:22 It is on my 51:22 It is on my desk. When I'm working 51:23 desk. When I'm working 51:23 desk. When I'm working at my desk, writing or 51:24 at my desk, writing or 51:24 at my desk, writing or doing something, well, preparing 51:25 doing something, well, preparing 51:25 doing something, well, preparing slides for 51:26 slides for 51:26 slides for presentations, or whatever I'm 51:27 presentations, or whatever I'm 51:27 presentations, or whatever I'm doing at my desk, 51:28 doing at my desk, 51:28 doing at my desk, paying bills—it's 51:30 paying bills—it's 51:30 paying bills—it's fun, this light is 51:31 fun, this light is 51:31 fun, this light is flashing in the background. You 51:32 flashing in the background. You 51:32 flashing in the background. You don't really 51:33 don't really 51:33 don't really notice it 51:34 notice it 51:34 notice it flashing, but it 51:35 flashing, but it 51:35 flashing, but it helps me. So, it's an 51:37 helps me. So, it's an 51:37 helps me. So, it's an exciting technology 51:38 exciting technology , that's for sure. 51:39 , that's for sure. 51:39 , that's for sure. People can already 51:40 People can already 51:40 People can already buy this or 51:41 buy this or 51:41 buy this or Oh yeah, oh yeah, people are already 51:43 Oh yeah, oh yeah, people are already 51:43 Oh yeah, oh yeah, people are already buying it now, this 51:44 buying it now, this 51:44 buying it now, this company is called 51:45 company is called 51:45 company is called optoudics opt i cs.com 51:49 optoudics opt i cs.com 51:49 optoudics opt i cs.com Thank you, well, 51:50 Thank you, well, anyway, that was... And 51:51 anyway, that was... And 51:51 anyway, that was... And we could go 51:51 we could go 51:51 we could go on and 51:52 on and 51:52 on and on. And the book 51:53 on. And the book , it's just 51:54 , it's just 51:54 , it's just full of everything. 51:55 full of everything. 51:55 full of everything. If you 51:56 If you 51:56 If you enjoyed this, there is so much more in the book 51:57 enjoyed this, there is so much more in the book 52:00 . She is wonderful. I'm 52:00 . She is wonderful. I'm so glad it's 52:01 so glad it's 52:01 so glad it's coming out today, the 52:02 coming out today, the 52:02 coming out today, the same day the 52:03 same day the 52:03 same day the podcast comes out. This is 52:04 podcast comes out. This is 52:04 podcast comes out. This is so exciting. Is there 52:06 so exciting. Is there 52:06 so exciting. Is there anything else you would like to 52:07 anything else you would like to 52:07 anything else you would like to add? Oh, tell
Resources from Dr. Perlmutter 52:08 add? Oh, tell 52:08 add? Oh, tell people, if they 52:09 people, if they 52:09 people, if they want to know 52:10 want to know 52:10 want to know more, you have a 52:11 more, you have a 52:11 more, you have a really interesting 52:12 really interesting 52:12 really interesting way to collaborate with 52:13 way to collaborate with 52:13 way to collaborate with you. 52:14 you. 52:14 you. This is a new development. I 52:16 This is a new development. I 52:16 This is a new development. I became one of the people 52:18 became one of the people 52:18 became one of the people collaborating with the 52:19 collaborating with the 52:19 collaborating with the company that 52:20 company that 52:20 company that created the so-called 52:21 created the so-called 52:21 created the so-called avatar of Dr. 52:22 avatar of Dr. 52:22 avatar of Dr. Perlmutter. What does this 52:24 Perlmutter. What does this 52:24 Perlmutter. What does this mean? This means 52:26 mean? This means 52:26 mean? This means that if you visit 52:28 that if you visit 52:28 that if you visit drpromuter.com, drpromuter.com, you 52:29 drpromuter.com, drpromuter.com, you 52:29 drpromuter.com, drpromuter.com, you can follow the 52:30 can follow the 52:30 can follow the link and 52:31 link and 52:31 link and interact with my 52:33 interact with my 52:33 interact with my virtual copy. I'm 52:34 virtual copy. I'm 52:34 virtual copy. I'm definitely not giving you 52:36 definitely not giving you 52:36 definitely not giving you medical advice. This is 52:37 medical advice. This is 52:37 medical advice. This is your doctor's business. 52:39 your doctor's business. 52:39 your doctor's business. But it's a way to really 52:40 But it's a way to really 52:41 get inside my 52:41 get inside my head from the perspective of 52:43 head from the perspective of 52:43 head from the perspective of all the research 52:44 all the research 52:44 all the research I've done over the years. 52:45 I've done over the years. 52:47 Everything I've written, 52:47 Everything I've written, published, 52:48 published, 52:48 published, spoken about in lectures, 52:50 spoken about in lectures, 52:50 spoken about in lectures, etc. And I'll tell you, 52:52 etc. And I'll tell you, 52:52 etc. And I'll tell you, this avatar is 52:53 this avatar is 52:53 this avatar is smarter than me. 52:54 smarter than me. 52:54 smarter than me. So this is the place to 52:56 So this is the place to 52:56 So this is the place to go. And 52:57 go. And 52:57 go. And you mentioned that 52:58 you mentioned that 52:58 you mentioned that this book is coming out today, 52:59 this book is coming out today, 53:02 Brain Defenders. I'm 53:02 Brain Defenders. I'm very proud of it because 53:03 very proud of it because 53:03 very proud of it because it really 53:04 it really 53:04 it really brings together everything I've 53:05 brings together everything I've 53:05 brings together everything I've done in my entire 53:06 done in my entire 53:06 done in my entire life. She explains, 53:07 life. She explains, 53:07 life. She explains, you know, the carbohydrate 53:08 you know, the carbohydrate 53:08 you know, the carbohydrate mystery from 53:10 mystery from 53:10 mystery from Grain Brain. It 53:11 Grain Brain. It 53:11 Grain Brain. It explains the role and 53:12 explains the role and 53:12 explains the role and connection of the 53:13 connection of the 53:13 connection of the gut microbiome to the brain, 53:15 gut microbiome to the brain, 53:15 gut microbiome to the brain, which I described in the book 53:16 which I described in the book Brain Maker. The role of stress in 53:19 Brain Maker. The role of stress in 53:19 Brain Maker. The role of stress in disconnecting us 53:20 disconnecting us 53:20 disconnecting us from the higher parts of 53:21 from the higher parts of 53:21 from the higher parts of the brain that make us 53:22 the brain that make us 53:22 the brain that make us human is something we 53:24 human is something we 53:24 human is something we discussed in Brainwash 53:25 discussed in Brainwash with Dr. Austin 53:26 with Dr. Austin 53:26 with Dr. Austin Perlmutter. It 53:29 Perlmutter. It 53:29 Perlmutter. It addresses the role of 53:30 addresses the role of 53:30 addresses the role of metabolic 53:31 metabolic 53:31 metabolic health, which we 53:32 health, which we 53:32 health, which we discussed in the book “Drop 53:33 discussed in the book “Drop 53:33 discussed in the book “Drop Acid,” which was about 53:34 Acid,” which was about 53:34 Acid,” which was about lowering 53:35 lowering 53:35 lowering uric acid levels. What's 53:38 uric acid levels. What's 53:38 uric acid levels. What's fascinating to me is that 53:39 fascinating to me is that 53:39 fascinating to me is that everything I've been talking about 53:40 everything I've been talking about 53:40 everything I've been talking about for four 53:41 for four 53:42 for four decades is 53:42 decades is 53:42 decades is coming together on the 53:43 coming together on the 53:43 coming together on the brain's immune system through 53:45 brain's immune system through 53:45 brain's immune system through this incredible new 53:46 this incredible new 53:46 this incredible new word, 53:46 word, immunometabolism. 53:47 immunometabolism. 53:48 immunometabolism. So, this is a very 53:49 So, this is a very 53:50 So, this is a very exciting time indeed. 53:50 exciting time indeed. 53:51 exciting time indeed. Oh, I can't 53:51 Oh, I can't 53:51 Oh, I can't thank you enough 53:53 thank you enough . And I can't 53:54 . And I can't 53:54 . And I can't wait any longer. It's like 53:55 wait any longer. It's like 53:55 wait any longer. It's like a child, you know, you 53:56 a child, you know, you 53:56 a child, you know, you let them out into the world 53:57 let them out into the world 53:57 let them out into the world and suddenly you see all the 53:58 and suddenly you see all the 53:58 and suddenly you see all the consequences. So I want to 54:00 consequences. So I want to 54:00 consequences. So I want to hear feedback from 54:00 hear feedback from 54:00 hear feedback from everyone who reads 54:01 everyone who reads 54:01 everyone who reads this book and find out 54:03 this book and find out 54:03 this book and find out what exactly you will start 54:03 what exactly you will start 54:04 what exactly you will start doing today. 54:04 doing today. 54:04 doing today. Because it all 54:05 Because it all 54:05 Because it all matters, every 54:06 matters, every 54:06 matters, every little thing, and you 54:07 little thing, and you 54:07 little thing, and you talked about so much in the 54:08 talked about so much in the 54:08 talked about so much in the podcast: any of 54:09 podcast: any of 54:09 podcast: any of this, just start 54:10 this, just start 54:10 this, just start somewhere. And you know you'll 54:12 somewhere. And you know you'll 54:12 somewhere. And you know you'll help your 54:13 help your 54:13 help your brain, you'll help 54:14 brain, you'll help 54:14 brain, you'll help your bones. In 54:15 your bones. In any case, I'm very 54:16 any case, I'm very 54:16 any case, I'm very happy for you and 54:17 happy for you and 54:17 happy for you and thank you very much for sharing 54:18 thank you very much for sharing 54:19 thank you very much for sharing this. 54:19 this. 54:19 this. With pleasure. Let me 54:20 With pleasure. Let me 54:20 With pleasure. Let me add one more thing: 54:22 add one more thing: 54:22 add one more thing: there is a 54:23 there is a 54:23 there is a link to the book on drperlmutter.com. 54:24 link to the book on drperlmutter.com. 54:24 link to the book on drperlmutter.com. If you follow them, 54:25 If you follow them, 54:25 If you follow them, you can get 54:26 you can get 54:26 you can get discounts on many 54:27 discounts on many 54:27 discounts on many different products and 54:28 different products and 54:29 different products and all kinds of gifts for 54:30 all kinds of gifts for 54:30 all kinds of gifts for ordering a book from 54:31 ordering a book from 54:31 ordering a book from any online 54:32 any online bookseller, be 54:33 bookseller, be 54:33 bookseller, be it Barnes&Noble, Amazon, or 54:35 it Barnes&Noble, Amazon, or any other. 54:35 any other. 54:36 any other. Oh, great. So you know 54:37 Oh, great. So you know 54:37 Oh, great. So you know what I'll do? I'll add 54:39 what I'll do? I'll add 54:39 what I'll do? I'll add that link to the 54:39 that link to the 54:39 that link to the release notes, 54:40 release notes, 54:40 release notes, so follow it 54:41 so follow it 54:41 so follow it to get all 54:43 to get all 54:43 to get all these awesome bonuses. A. 54:44 these awesome bonuses. A. 54:44 these awesome bonuses. A. Thank you for inviting 54:46 Thank you for inviting 54:46 Thank you for inviting me today. 54:47 me today. 54:47 me today. It was nice. 54:48 It was nice. 54:48 It was nice. I hope you 54:48 I hope you 54:49 I hope you enjoyed my 54:49 enjoyed my 54:49 enjoyed my interview with Dr. 54:50 interview with Dr. 54:50 interview with Dr. Perlmutter as much as 54:51 Perlmutter as much as 54:51 Perlmutter as much as I did. And 54:52 I did. And 54:52 I did. And now, here are some actionable 54:53 now, here are some actionable 54:53 now, here are some actionable steps you can 54:54 steps you can 54:54 steps you can start taking 54:55 start taking 54:55 start taking today to 54:56 today to 54:56 today to keep your brain 54:57 keep your brain 54:57 keep your brain healthy and prevent 54:58 healthy and prevent 54:58 healthy and prevent cognitive 54:58 cognitive 54:58 cognitive impairment. All 54:59 impairment. All 54:59 impairment. All the references 55:00 the references 55:00 the references mentioned by Dr. 55:01 mentioned by Dr. 55:01 mentioned by Dr. Perlmutter will be in the 55:02 Perlmutter will be in the 55:02 Perlmutter will be in the release notes. 55:04 release notes. 55:04 release notes. And if you know 55:05 And if you know 55:05 And if you know someone who is struggling 55:06 someone who is struggling 55:06 someone who is struggling with 55:07 with 55:07 with Alzheimer's, or 55:08 Alzheimer's, or 55:08 Alzheimer's, or have noticed someone 55:09 have noticed someone 55:09 have noticed someone starting to forget 55:10 starting to forget 55:10 starting to forget things or lose their 55:11 things or lose their 55:11 things or lose their memory, please 55:12 memory, please 55:12 memory, please share this, because 55:13 share this, because 55:13 share this, because it can be helpful 55:14 it can be helpful 55:14 it can be helpful for everyone. I think 55:17 for everyone. I think 55:17 for everyone. I think you will be doing them a 55:18 you will be doing them a 55:18 you will be doing them a great service, and it is 55:19 great service, and it is 55:19 great service, and it is inspiring because there is so 55:20 inspiring because there is so 55:20 inspiring because there is so much hope and so much 55:21 much hope and so much 55:21 much hope and so much that we 55:22 that we 55:22 that we can do. So I 55:24 can do. So I 55:24 can do. So I hope you will 55:25 hope you will 55:25 hope you will help me 55:26 help me 55:26 help me spread this important 55:27 spread this important 55:27 spread this important information. 55:28 information. 55:28 information. Thank you so much for being with us, 55:30 Thank you so much for being with us, 55:30 Thank you so much for being with us, and I look forward 55:31 and I look forward 55:31 and I look forward to seeing you in the 55:32 to seeing you in the 55:32 to seeing you in the next episode.
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